Human nutrition Flashcards
what factors does the amount of energy you consume depend upon?
Age, gender, pregnancy.
what are the 6 nutrients needed in a person’s diet?
Water, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats.
why do people need carbohydrates in their meals?
for energy
What is the use of fats and oils in our body?
makes cells membranes, acts as and insulator.
why are proteins needed?
for growth, making new cells and making antibodies.
why is vitamin C needed in our body?
To make stretchy protein collagen.
What disease is caused by deficiency of vitamin C?
Scurvy
Why is Vitamin D needed in the body?
Helps calcium to be absorbed.
which deficiency causes rickets?
Vitamin D
why is calcium important for our body?
for strong bones and teeth.
what deficiency disease is caused by lack of calcium?
brittle bones and teeth.
why is Iron necessary for our body?
for making hemoglobin
which lack of mineral causes anemia?
Iron
which type of nutrient is good for the alimentary canal?
Fiber
what is peristalsis?
muscular contractions that moves food through the alimentary canal.
Why is water needed in our body?
To remove waste products.
what is the process of food in the digestive system? (5 steps)
ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
what are the 2 types of digestion that takes place in out body?
physical and chemical digestion.
what is assimilation?
It is what happens to the nutrients, they are absorbed by the cells and used for energy.
what are sphincter muscles?
rings of muscles that help close a tube.
which enzyme is present in stomach?
protease(pepsin) to break down protein.
what is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
kills harmful microorganisms.
what does the pancreas make?
pancreatic juice.
what is the role of the deodenum?
breaks down the partially digested food to useful nutrients.
what enzymes does the pancreatic juice contain?
Lipase(to break down fat) ,amylase(breaks down starch), and trypsin
what does the ileum do in the small intestine?
absorbs the nutrients.
where is bile made?
In the liver.
where is the bile stored?
In the gall bladder.
what is epithelium?
A tissue that cover the surface in an animal.
what does bile do?
It emulsifies fat.
how thick is the epithelium in villi?
One cell thick.
where is villi present?
in the small intestine.
What does the lacteal do in the villi?
absorbs fatty acids and glycerol.
what do the blood capillaries in the villi absorb?
absorbs vitamins, amino acids, minerals and water.
what bring blood from the heart for the villi?
artery.
what is glucose changed to for storage?
Glycogen.
