human nutrition

Question 1

what is meant by a balanced diet

Answer 1

contains an adequate amount of all the nutrients required by the body to grow, remain healthy and be disease-free

Question 2

principal dietary sources

Answer 2

a) carbohydrates
(b) fats and oils
(c) proteins
(d) vitamins, limited to C and D
(e) mineral ions, limited to calcium and iron
(f) fibre (roughage)
(g) water

Question 3

importance of carbs

Answer 3

provide the body with glucose, which is converted to energy used to support bodily functions and physical activity.

Question 4

importance of fats and oils

Answer 4

source of energy for the body, they insulate and protect the body’s vital organs

Question 5

importance of proteins

Answer 5

It plays a part in metabolic reactions, immune response, protein provides a source of energy, assists in cellular repair, form blood cells, and more.

Question 6

importance of vitamins c

Answer 6

needed for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body

Question 7

importance of vitamin d

Answer 7

helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body.

Question 8

importance of calcium

Answer 8

lays an important role in blood clotting, helping muscles to contract, and regulating normal heart rhythms and nerve functions.

Question 9

importance of iron

Answer 9

to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs

Question 10

importance of fibre

Answer 10

essential for your gut to work properly

Question 11

importance of water

Answer 11

keep a normal temperature

Question 12

cause of scruvy

Answer 12

not enough vitamin c

Question 13

cause of rickets

Answer 13

lack of vitamin d or calcium

Question 14

function of mouth

Answer 14

physicaly breaks down food

Question 15

function of oesophagus

Answer 15

transport food entering the mouth through the throat and into the stomach

Question 16

function of stomach

Answer 16

takes in food from the esophagus (gullet or food pipe), mixes it, breaks it down (with acids and enzymes), and then passes it on to the small intestine in small portions.

Question 17

function of small intestine

Answer 17

absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream

Question 18

function of large intestine

Answer 18

absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool

Question 19

function of salivary gland

Answer 19

makes saliva which, moistens food so it moves more easily through your esophagus into your stomach

Question 20

function of pancreas

Answer 20

makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches

Question 21

function of liver

Answer 21

The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic.

Question 22

function of gall bladder

Answer 22

stores bile, a thick liquid that’s produced by the liver to help us digest fat.

Question 23

ingestion

Answer 23

– the taking of substances, e.g. food
and drink, into the body

Question 24

digestion

Answer 24

the breakdown of food

Question 25

absorption

Answer 25

the movement of nutrients from
the intestines into the blood

Question 26

assimilation

Answer 26

uptake and use of nutrients by
cells

Question 27

egestion

Answer 27

– the removal of undigested food
from the body as faeces

Question 28

physical digestion

Answer 28

breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 29

types of human teeth

Answer 29

incisors, canines, premolars and
molars

Question 30

structure of teeth

Answer 30

enamel, dentine, pulp, nerves, blood vessels and cement

Question 31

incisors

Answer 31

cut food

Question 32

canines

Answer 32

tear and cut into meat

Question 33

premolars

Answer 33

tear crush and grind food into smaller pieces

Question 34

molars

Answer 34

munch food

Question 35

role of bile

Answer 35

emulsifying fats and oils to increase the surface area for chemical digestion

Question 36

chemical digestion

Answer 36

break down
of large insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules

Question 37

amylase

Answer 37

breaks down starch to maltose

Question 38

protease

Answer 38

break down protein to amino acids

Question 39

lipase

Answer 39

breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids
and glycerol

Question 40

State where, in the digestive system, amylase, protease and lipase are secreted

Answer 40

in pancreas

Question 41

Describe the functions of hydrochloric acid
in gastric juice

Answer 41

killing harmful microorganisms in food and providing an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity

Question 42

significance of villi and microvilli

Answer 42

increasing the internal surface area of the small intestine