Human nutrition

Question 1

What elements do carbohydrate molecules contain?

Answer 1

hydrogen, carbon and oxygen

Question 2

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 2

simple sugars such as maltose and glucose

Question 3

What elements do protein molecules contain?

Answer 3

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 4

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

What elements do lipid molecules contain?

Answer 5

hydrogen, carbon and oxygen

Question 6

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 6

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

How do you make a food sample?

Answer 7

1. Break up the food using a pestle and mortar
2. Transfer the food to a beaker and add some distilled water
3. Stir the mixture so that some food dissolves in the water
4. Filter the solution using filter paper to get rid of the solid bits of food

Question 8

How do you test for glucose?

Answer 8

1. Add Benedict’s solution to the food sample in a test tube
2. Heat (by placing the test tube in a water bath)
3. The solution will turn from blue to brick red if there is a high concentration of glucose

Question 9

How do you test for starch?

Answer 9

1. Add iodine solution to the food sample
2. If starch is present, the solution will turn from brown to blue-black

Question 10

How do you test for protein?

Answer 10

1. Add biuret solution to the food sample
2. If protein is present, the solution will turn from blue to purple

Question 11

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 11

1. Add ethanol and distilled water to the food sample
2. If lipids are present, a milky-white emulsion will form

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

1. Found in bread and pasta
2. Source of energy

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

1. Found in butter and oily fish
2. Source of energy, long-term energy store and for insulation

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

1. Found in meat and fish
2. Growth and repair of tissue

Question 15

Vitamin A

Answer 15

1. Carrots and liver
2. Improves night vision and keeps skin healthy

Question 16

Vitamin C

Answer 16

1. Found in fish fruit and vegetables
2. Sticks together cells that line surfaces such as the mouth
3. Deficiency can cause scurvy

Question 17

Vitamin D

Answer 17

1. Eggs
2. Helps bones absorb calcium

Question 18

Calcium

Answer 18

1. cheese and milk
2. needed to make bones and teeth

Question 19

Iron

Answer 19

1. found in red meat
2. needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 20

Dietary fibre

Answer 20

1. found in wholemeal bread
2. needed for peristalsis in the gut