Human Nervous System Flashcards
are the nerve cells of the central nervous system that transmit information through electrochemical signals throughout the body
Neurons
a cell body from which the axon extends.
Soma
are nerve fibers that are the longest part of the neuron, which conduct electrical impulses away from the soma.
Axons
There are ________ at the end of the neuron, which are branch-like structures that send and receive information from other neurons.
Dendrites
a fatty insulating layer, forms around the axon, allowing nerve impulses to travel down the axon quickly.
Myelin Sheath
Three Types of Neurons
• Sensory Neurons
• Motor Neurons
• Relay Neurons
transmit sensory information
Sensory Neurons
transmit motor information
Motor Neurons
allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate.
Relay Neurons
The communication between neurons is called?
Synapses
Neurons communicate with each other via? Which are gaps between the endings of neurons.
Synaptic Clefts
During _________ ,chemicals, such as neurotransmitters, are released from the endings of the previous neuron (also known as the presynaptic neuron).
synaptic transmission
These chemicals enter the synaptic cleft to then be transported to receptors on the next neuron (also known as the _____________).
postsynaptic neuron
chemicals, such as neurotransmitters, are released from the endings of the previous neuron (also known as the _____________).
presynaptic neuron
Once transported to the next neuron, the chemical messengers continue traveling down neurons to influence many functions, such as _________ and __________.
behavior and movement
3 Brain Parts
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain Stem
is the largest and most recognizable part of the brain. It consists of grey matter (the cerebral cortex ) and white matter at the center.
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres
Left and Right
the left and right, contains the 4 lobes of the brain
frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
produces higher functioning roles such as thinking, learning, memory, language, emotion, movement, and perception.
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into two halves: the right and left hemispheres . The left hemisphere controls the _______ half of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the ________ half.
right
left
The two hemispheres are connected by a thick band of neural fibers known as the __________, consisting of about 200 million axons.
corpus callosum
allows the two hemispheres to communicate and allows information being processed on one side of the brain to be shared with the other.
corpus callosum
is the idea that each hemisphere is responsible for different functions. Each of these functions is localized to either the right or left side.
Hemispheric lateralization
What hemisphere is associated with language functions, such as formulating grammar and vocabulary and containing different language centers (Broca’s and Wernicke’s area).
Left Hemisphere
What hemisphere is associated with more visuospatial functions such as visualization, depth perception, and spatial navigation. These left and right functions are the case in most people, especially those who are right-handed.
Right Hemisphere
Parts of the human brain
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal Lobe(Cerebrum)
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord
located at the front of the brain, behind the forehead
Their main functions are associated with higher cognitive functions, including problem-solving, decision-making, attention, intelligence, and voluntary behaviors.
Frontal Lobe
The frontal lobes contain the _________ responsible for planning and coordinating movements.
motor cortex
It also contains the _________, which is responsible for initiating higher-lever cognitive functioning, and Broca’s Area, which is essential for language production.
prefrontal cortex
located on both sides of the brain, near the temples of the head
Temporal Lobe
The main functions of these lobes include understanding, language, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception, and auditory information processing.
Temporal Lobe
The left lobe also contains a vital language center known as ___________, which is essential for language development
Wernicke’s area
are located at the back of the brain behind the temporal and parietal lobes and below the occipital bone of the skull .
Occipital Lobe
are located at the back of the brain behind the temporal and parietal lobes and below the occipital bone of the skull .
Occipital Lobe
