Human Nature Vocab Quiz

Question 1

Psychological Egoism

Answer 1

The theory that human beings are designed/constructed to act in a way that is always in a self interested nature

Hobbes
Material desire

Question 2

Effective Altruism

Answer 2

The practice of prioritizing our efforts when doing good in order to help others as much as we can

Peter Singer

Question 3

The Forms

Answer 3

Abstract, perfect, unchanging concepts or ideals of things that go past time and space, existing in the Realm of Forms (created by Plato)

Question 4

The Vedas and Upanishads

Answer 4

Originating in ancient India, the Vedas are poetic hymns that state that the Atman inside you and everything is only one. The Upanishads were later added to the Vedas, referring to ultimate reality as Brahman.

Question 5

Atman

Answer 5

The deepest self-when you die this core part of yourself will take on another identity or another life. Sometimes this is called transmigration

Question 6

Rationalism

Answer 6

The stance that reason on its own has the capacity to reveal the knowledge of some undeniable truths-knowledge learnt from logic and reason (A prior)

Question 7

Empiricism

Answer 7

The stance that experience is the source of knowledges sources-logic from experience and experiment
-a posteriori
-inductive logic

Question 8

Deductive Logic

Answer 8

The process of reasoning to logically certain conclusions-pairs with rationalism

Question 9

Inductive Logic

Answer 9

The process of reasoning to probable explanations or judgments-specific to general

Question 10

Tabula Rasa

Answer 10

The mind is like a blank slate, therefore everything is taught

John Locke (Empiricist)

Question 11

Nature

Answer 11

The way we think and behave as a result of our nature, or how we just are-we’re born that way, its in your nature.

Question 12

Nurture

Answer 12

The way we think and behave as a result of what we’re taught and what we learn.

Question 13

Existentialism

Answer 13

Human nature does not exist because the way each individual is depends on who they are as a person
-radical freedom
-bad faith
-existential angst

-serious world
-second sex

Question 14

Existential Angst

Answer 14

Fear from radical freedom-too much responsibility and human freedom

Question 15

Bad Faith (or Nausea)

Answer 15

Opposing authenticity, bad faith is when one pretends things are not their fault but rather because of some external accountable means.

Sartre

Question 16

Authenticity

Answer 16

The extent to which ones actions and behavior are due to themselves, regardless of external effects.

Question 17

Crisis of Adolescence

Answer 17

A confrontation of the serious world where a young person has to face values and authorities which previously existed-sort of like a loss of innocence

Question 18

Serious World

Answer 18

The true nature of the world which we are concealed from as children; specifically discussed through the lens of women confronting the inequality they must live with.

Question 19

Existential Crisis

Answer 19

When one must face the responsibility of the freedom they hold.

Question 20

Immanence

Answer 20

A historical domain of women, a closed off realm/space where women are inferior, passive or static.

Question 21

Transcendence

Answer 21

A historical domain of men, open realm/space where men are superioir

Question 22

The Mind Body Problem

Answer 22

An issue regarding to what extent the body and the mind are 2 separate entities

Question 22

Dualism

Answer 22

The concept that reality is composed of two distinct substances which cannot be reduced into one another. Most commonly these two substances are the mind and the body.

Question 23

Materialism

Answer 23

The stance that reality is composed primarily of physical, material things.

Hobbes

Question 24

Mind/Brain Identity Theory

Answer 24

The minds state is the same as the brains state, meaning peoples mind and brains exist in the same behaviours

Question 25

Behaviourism

Answer 25

Explaining peoples mental activity by their concrete, physical behaviour. For example, pain shows by eyes tearing up.

Question 26

Functionalism

Answer 26

Our mental states are the functions they serve in connecting perceptual input to behavioural output

Question 27

Functional Kind

Answer 27

Groups of entities united by a common function, such as their activities and casual roles

Question 28

Multiply Realizable

Answer 28

A single mental state or property can be realized by many distinct physical such as being hit and thinking of pain

Question 29

Eliminative Materialism

Answer 29

The theory that we as people do not have mental states of being, and therefore they do not exist. This stance specifically objects to folk psychology

Question 30

The Problem of Personal Identity

Answer 30

The issue of whether or not an individual can identify oneself over a given time-am I who am now or am I who I was 5 years ago?

Question 31

Bundle Theory

Answer 31

All we know is a collection of sense perceptions without deeper unity or cohesions. (David Hume)

Question 32

The Atomistic Self

Answer 32

This states that the self should be self-sufficient, self-reliant and just like an atom. Basically it is isolated from its surroundings-Descartes and Kant believed this

Question 33

The Relational Self

Answer 33

The self is defined by its relationship with others.

Hegel

Question 34

Ubuntu

Answer 34

“I am because we are”-the idea that there’s a universal bond throughout all of humanity

Question 35

Determinism (‘Hard Determinism’)

Answer 35

The view that peoples actions are triggered by previous causes, and therefore, always have a previous event to explain it.

Question 36

Libertarianism

Answer 36

The view that we are free to choose how to act/to act other than how they already do.

Question 37

Compatibilism (‘Soft Determinism’)

Answer 37

The idea that some things have causes, but not necessarily all, arguing the

Question 38

Personhood

Answer 38

The status of being a person (having things like rights, dignity)

Question 39

Cognitive Criterion for Personhood

Answer 39

There’s 5: Consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, capacity to communicate, and self-awareness

Mary Ann Warren

Question 40

Sentience

Answer 40

The capacity to experience feelings and sensations

Question 41

Double Consciousness

Answer 41

The duality of self views a person who has been a part of an oppressed community experiences; themselves, and how they were perceived. Example; internalized homophobia.