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Fitness > Human Movement and Nervous System > Flashcards

Human Movement and Nervous System Flashcards

Memorize terms and concepts for group test

1
Q

What three systems make up human movement?

A

The nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

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2
Q

What is the kinetic chain?

A

The human body uses a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

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3
Q

Body parts that utilize the kinetic chain:

A

Muscles, bones, and joints.

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3
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Network of nerves that transmit information throughout the body.

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4
Q

What are some things the nervous system provides?

A

Sensory information (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to our brain, stimulate movement, keep heart/organs healthy.

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5
Q

The nervous system is one of the _________________ of the body.

A

Main organ systems.

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6
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Specialized cell/functional unit of the nervous system.

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7
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

System that consists of the brain and spinal cords. Coordinates activity in the body.

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8
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and the external environment.

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9
Q

How does the central nervous system recieve information?

A

Afferent pathway.

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10
Q

How does the rest of the body receive information from the central nervous system?

A

Efferent pathway.

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11
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Transfer impulses between afferent and efferent neurons.

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12
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Structures located throughout the body that convert stimuli into sensory information.

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13
Q

What do sensory receptors use?

A

The afferent pathway.

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14
Q

What are the four sensory receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.

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15
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Mechanical force (touch + pressure).

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16
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

Pain receptors.

17
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Chemical interaction (smell + taste).

18
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

Light (vision).

19
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Voluntary; serving outer areas of the body.

20
Q

What is the automatic nervous system?

A

Involuntary; serving inner areas of the body.

21
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight; increased neural activity (adrenaline).

22
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Relaxed state; decreased neural activity.

23
Q

What are the primary functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integrative, and motor functions.

24
Q

What is the sensory function?

A

Sense internal/external changes to environment.

25
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Sensing the position of all body parts.

26
Q

What is the integrative function?

A

Central nervous system interpreting sensory information to make decisions.

27
Q

What is the motor function?

A

Body’s response to sensory information

28
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

Sensory receptors within muscles that are parallel to the muscle fibers.

29
Q

How long does it take for a response to contract a stretched muscle spindle?

A

1-2 milliseconds.

30
Q

What is the golgi tendon?

A

Sensory receptors located where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle. Sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change. (Relax muscle and prevent stress/injury).

31
Q

What are joint receptors?

A

Signal extreme acceleration/deceleration to prevent injury in the muscle.

32
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The brain continues to grow over time.

33
Q

What is neurcircuitry?

A

Connection of neurons in the brain when developing a new skill.

34
Q

What years does the adolescent brain develop?

A

10-25 years of age.

35
Q

What are motor skills?

A

Movement in sensory and motor systems to perform physical activity.

36
Q

What is the three stage process of learning a new skill?

A

1). Cognitive
2). Associative
3). Autonomous

37
Q

What is the cognitive stage in learning?

A

Learning about the new skill.

38
Q

What is the associative stage in learning?

A

Understanding the new skill.

39
Q

What is the autonomous stage in learning?

A

Mastering the new skill.

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