Human Movement and Nervous System Flashcards
Memorize terms and concepts for group test
What three systems make up human movement?
The nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
What is the kinetic chain?
The human body uses a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.
Body parts that utilize the kinetic chain:
Muscles, bones, and joints.
What is the nervous system?
Network of nerves that transmit information throughout the body.
What are some things the nervous system provides?
Sensory information (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to our brain, stimulate movement, keep heart/organs healthy.
The nervous system is one of the _________________ of the body.
Main organ systems.
What is a neuron?
Specialized cell/functional unit of the nervous system.
What is the central nervous system?
System that consists of the brain and spinal cords. Coordinates activity in the body.
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and the external environment.
How does the central nervous system recieve information?
Afferent pathway.
How does the rest of the body receive information from the central nervous system?
Efferent pathway.
What do interneurons do?
Transfer impulses between afferent and efferent neurons.
What are sensory receptors?
Structures located throughout the body that convert stimuli into sensory information.
What do sensory receptors use?
The afferent pathway.
What are the four sensory receptors?
Mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Mechanical force (touch + pressure).
What are nociceptors?
Pain receptors.
What are chemoreceptors?
Chemical interaction (smell + taste).
What are photoreceptors?
Light (vision).
What is the somatic nervous system?
Voluntary; serving outer areas of the body.
What is the automatic nervous system?
Involuntary; serving inner areas of the body.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or flight; increased neural activity (adrenaline).
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Relaxed state; decreased neural activity.
What are the primary functions of the nervous system?
Sensory, integrative, and motor functions.
What is the sensory function?
Sense internal/external changes to environment.
What is proprioception?
Sensing the position of all body parts.
What is the integrative function?
Central nervous system interpreting sensory information to make decisions.
What is the motor function?
Body’s response to sensory information
What are muscle spindles?
Sensory receptors within muscles that are parallel to the muscle fibers.
How long does it take for a response to contract a stretched muscle spindle?
1-2 milliseconds.
What is the golgi tendon?
Sensory receptors located where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle. Sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change. (Relax muscle and prevent stress/injury).
What are joint receptors?
Signal extreme acceleration/deceleration to prevent injury in the muscle.
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain continues to grow over time.
What is neurcircuitry?
Connection of neurons in the brain when developing a new skill.
What years does the adolescent brain develop?
10-25 years of age.
What are motor skills?
Movement in sensory and motor systems to perform physical activity.
What is the three stage process of learning a new skill?
1). Cognitive
2). Associative
3). Autonomous
What is the cognitive stage in learning?
Learning about the new skill.
What is the associative stage in learning?
Understanding the new skill.
What is the autonomous stage in learning?
Mastering the new skill.
