human migrations Flashcards
when did erectus leave afr
1.8mya
when did ancestor of N and D leave afr
600kya
what are the potential routes of oofa
gibraltar - rocky
tunisisa - sea rough crossing
egypt - north via land bridge
ethipoia - bab el mandeb strait - short sea crossing 20km today sea levels in past were less so likely smaller
what is sahara pump
sahra not always been desert
withwetter climate is green - allows a pop expansion
when cliamte chnage back to dry - pop retract
what sahara pump thought to explain
some of the earliest oofa fossils
what are some of the earliest oofa fossils
Misliya - jawbone 177-194kya
skhul and qavzen - complete skels 90-120kya
but none of the caves have ev of occupations
what evidence for oofa given by archaeology
similarities between afr and s.asia in tools (77-34kya)
- but analysis flawed
also microblade and microlithic tools sim (35-30kya)
– some argue fits with along coastlines model reach aus 45-50kya
or reach s,asia before toba eruption 74kya
what route does reosurces support
south route
follow coast
eat lot of seafood
rich resources follwo
what route does mtdna suggest
south route
what evidence have mtdna given for south route
m and n (s.asia) haplogroups derive from l3 and originate 50-70kya
only l3 grp that fits with date is l3h
in mod pops l3h in ethipoia
bab el mandeb strait
what route supported by y dna
north
what route supported by autosomal dna
north
what evidence from autosomal dna suggests north
225 whole genomes (egy and ethi and compare with eu/asia)
foudn more egyp haplotypes outside afr than other pop
egy pop show more recent split from west afr and non afr than ethiop
what date given to the oofa by non controversial migr
70kya
how is toba eruption linked to the migr
73kya
pot cause climatic change
fallout affected muchb of s.asia and e. afr
but doesnt fit with the genetics - too far abck
what have mtdna studes shown about migr into eu
11 haplogroups so 11 migr
all originate far east
founder analysis revealed come into eu at diff times
when did fu et al 2016 date the initial migr into eu
45kya
what evidence is there that multiple waves of migr
as during the last glacial maximum only in iberia - 19kya
and evidence initial migr dont contribute to mod pop eg oases
45-14kya all from the initial migr
after 14kya waves from near east
what evidecne for there of migr from near easr at 14kya
villabruna cluster contributions from near easterners
and 13kya switz fossil share excess alleles with east asians
what evidence is there for back migration
33kya romanian fossil has basal version of u6 haplogroup
derived versions of this haplogroup found in n afr
