Human Lifespan Development - Unit 1 Flashcards
How many life stages are there?
6
What are the six life stages?
Infancy, early childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood
What does PIES stand for?
Physical, intellectual, emotional and social
What is the definition of growth?
An increase in length or height, weight and dimension. It is a physiological change.
What is the definition of development?
The acquisition of skills and abilities through life stages
What are the four principles of growth?
- Growth rates are not constant 2. Boys experience growth much faster than girls 3. Growth rates vary between children 4. Different parts of the body grow at different rates
What are developmental milestones?
Expected developmental norms that a child is expected to do by a certain age. E.g 0 to 3 months should be able to gurgle and cry to communicate.
Describe physical development
Growth and other physical changes that happen to our body throughout life.
Describe intellectual/cognitive development.
The development of language, memory and thinking skills.
Describe emotional development.
The ability to cope with feelings about ourselves and towards others.
Describe social development.
The ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be independent.
What are fine motor skills?
Small, precise movements that involve using smaller muscles in the body such as the fingers, toes, wrist and tongue. E.g holding a rattle
What are gross motor skills?
Large movements involve using the large muscles in the body such as the legs, arms, torso and hands. E.g crawling, walking, standing
What is nature?
Nature refers to genetic inheritance. Inherited characteristics are decided by the genes we inherit from our parents.
What is nurture?
Nurture is to do with influences from our surroundings as we grow and develop.
What are primary sexual characteristics?
These are processes that are related to sex organs which are present at birth and mature when released during puberty.
Examples of primary sexual characteristics in boys and girls
Girls: menstruation begins, uterus and vagina grow, ovulation begins
Boys: penis enlarges, testes enlarge and produces sperm, prostate gland produces secretions
What is secondary sexual characteristics?
This develops when an adolescence hits puberty and sex hormones are released.
Examples of secondary sexual characteristics in girls and boys
Girls: growth of armpit hair and pubic hair, breasts enlarge, growth spurts, nips widen and an increased layer of fat under the skin
Boys: growth of facial hair, growth of armpit, chest and pubic hairs increased muscle, growth spurt
What age range is birth-infancy?
0-2 years
What age range is early childhood?
3-8 years
What age range is adolesence?
9 to 18 years
What age range is middle adulthood?
46 to 65 years
What age is later adulthood?
65+
Physical milestones for newborns?
Gross - being able to grasp, fine - holding their thumbs into their hands
Physical milestones for 1 month old?
Gross - lifts chin Fine - opens hands to grasp finger
Physical milestones for 3 months?
Gross - can lift their head and chest when lying on back, fine - can grasp a rattle
Physical milestones for 6 months?
Gross - rolls over, fine - moves objects from hand to hand.
Physical for 9 to 10 months?
Gross - crawls, fine - uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
Physical milestones for 18 months?
Gross - climbs onto furniture, fine - builds small tower with blocks
Physical milestones for 2 years old?
Gross - throw a large ball, fine - turning a page
Physical milestone for 2 1/2 years old?
Gross - jumps from a low step, fine - uses spoon and fork
Physical milestones for 3-8 years?
Gross - running forwards and backwards, button and unbutton clothing, fine - write their own name, use joined up writing
Intellectual milestones during infancy and early childhood?
Can count up to 10 and recognise alphabet
Intellectual milestones for adolescence and early adulthood?
Development of logical thought, problem solving and memory recall skills.
Intellectual development for middle adulthood?
Can think through problems and make sound judgements using life experiences
Intellectual milestones for later adulthood?
Short-term memory loss, reaction time and slower thought process
What is Piaget’s model for intellectual development?
There are 4 stages (schemas) of cognitive development which mature from infancy to adolescence. Sensorimotor (0 to 2 y/o), preoperational (2 to 7 y/o), concrete operational (7 to 11 y/o), formal operational (11 to 18 years old)
What are schemas?
A pattern of
