Human lifespan development: Learning aim B

Question 1

nature

Answer 1

genetic inheritance and other biological factors

Question 2

nurture

Answer 2

the influence of external factors after conception such as social and environmental factors

Question 3

maturation

Answer 3

a genetically programmed sequence of change, for example the onset of a menopause

Question 4

positive reinforcement

Answer 4

the behaviour is repeated because of personal satisfaction (intrinsic reinforcement) or rewards (extrinsic reinforcement).

Question 5

negative reinforcement

Answer 5

the behaviour is not repeated to avoid an adverse experience such as lack of satisfaction or to avoid being told off

Question 6

Diathesis

Answer 6

a predisposition or vulnerability to mental disorder throughout abnormality of the brain or neurotransmitters.

Question 7

genetic predisposition

Answer 7

inherited genes that determine physical growth, development, health and appearance.

Question 8

congenital

Answer 8

present at birth

Question 8

Susceptibility

Answer 8

an increased likelihood of acquiring a disease because of an individual’s genetic make-up.

Question 9

neural tube defects

Answer 9

congenital defects of the brain, spine or spinal cord, such as spina bifida.

Question 10

pollutant

Answer 10

a substance that contaminates something such as air or water and may make it unsafe.

Question 11

Respiratory disorders

Answer 11

conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity.

Question 12

cardiovascular problems

Answer 12

any disorder or disease of the heart and blood vessels.

Question 13

hypothermia

Answer 13

excessively low body temperature, below 35 degrees ( normal body temp is 37 degrees).

Question 14

dysfunctional family

Answer 14

a family that is not providing all of the support and benefits associated with being in a family.

Question 15

parenting styles

Answer 15

a definition of the different strategies
/ways that parents use to bring up their children

Question 16

median

Answer 16

the middle value in a list of numbers written in numerical order.

Question 17

attitude

Answer 17

assumptions that we use to make sense of our social experience.

Question 18

secondary socialisation

Answer 18

the process of learning appropriate behaviour in society. Influences include education, media, government and religion/culture.

Question 19

primary socialisation

Answer 19

the process of a child learning the norms, attitudes and values of the culture and society in which they are growing up.

Question 20

values

Answer 20

principles we use to guide our thoughts and decisions.

Question 21

lifestyle

Answer 21

how a person spends their time and money, a ‘style’ of living.

Question 22

predictable events

Answer 22

events that are expected to happen at a particular time. While expected they may have a positive or negative effect on a person’s health and wellbeing.

Question 23

unpredictable events

Answer 23

events that happen unexpectedly and which have serious physical and psychological effects on the individual. These can be positive or negative.