human lifespan development b4 Flashcards
Family
A family is a social group of people, often related genetically, by marriage or by living together as a group
– Nuclear family – to parents and their children
– Single parent family – one parent and their children
– Extended family – two or more adults related through blood or marriage, and their children (Often grandparents, parents and children)
– Childless family – two parents with no children
– Step family – two separate families merged into one
– Grandparents families – one or two grandparents raising their grandchildren
Family (development)
– Forming your first emotional relationship and attachments
– Providing your first experience of social interaction
– Influence in your view of what is expected of you in social settings, and what is normal or socially acceptable behaviour
– Providing a setting that meets your physical needs for protection, food, shelter, and warmth
– Supporting each other emotionally and protecting family members from stress
– Help each other financially and practically, for example families may support older relatives
Family dysfunction
A family that is not providing all of the support and benefits associated with being in a family
reasons why family may become dysfunctional:
– Mental health problems
– Stress
– Poor housing
– Poor parents in school
– Low income
– Controlling/aggressive/manipulative family member
– Inconsistency in parenting
– Parents with little practical experience of providing appropriate relationships and support
parental divorce or separations
negatives: – Emotional problems – Low self-esteem – Low self-confidence – Moodiness/depression – Lack resilience – More likely to live in poverty – More likely to underachieving education – More likely to be influenced by peers – More likely to smoke, drink alcohol and take drugs
sibling rivalry
– Constant exposure to high levels of family conflict can lead to children becoming aggressive and bully other members in the family
– Bandura’s social learning theory suggests this is because they are copying the behaviour modelled by their parents
– It may also be because a child has been bullied by the parents, so they bully a sibling to try and get a sense of control and power
– Parents could also cause sibling rivalry themselves by encouraging competition between them, or treating them differently
parenting style (authoritative)
parents are not overly strict, but they bring their children up to respect authority and develop appropriate values and boundaries. Children are often more resilient and conform always lead to social norms
parenting styles (authoritarian)
parents have very high expectations and very strict rules and regulations. Children are often rebellious and can become problematic in social settings
parenting style (permissive)
parents make few demands and are reluctant to implement rules or values. Children often lack a sense of self control as they have no boundaries or respect for personal space. They may experience problems managing relationships and responsibilities
parenting style
parents may not provide adequate parenting for their children due to a number of factors, which can result in neglect and abuse of the children
– They are on aware of the power they hold over their children
– They lack educational role modelling of good parenting
– Lacking in emotional intelligence
– Lacking in parenting skills
– Mental health issues
bullying
bullying is a repetitive behaviour intending to hurt an individual emotionally and/or physically reasons for bullying: – Religion – Race – Sexual orientation – Belonging to a particular group – Culture
forms of bullying
- verbal bullying including teasing, name-calling, taunting, threatening
– Cyber bullying including text, social media, email, phone calls
– Physical bullying including hitting, kicking, destroying property, touching inappropriately
– Social bullying including spreading lies, embarrassing somebody in public, purposefully leaving someone out of everything
effects of bullying
– Undermine self-esteem (leading to stress, depression and anxiety)
– Make a child feel unsafe, lonely and isolated (leading to a loss of self confident)
– Make a child become self-critical and believe what is said about them is true or it’s their fault
– Self harm to release feelings of guilt, self-loathing, stress and emotional pain
– Suicidal thoughts/suicide
culture, religion and belief
medical intervention
Faith groups
– Emphasise importance of prayer as part of healing
Jehovah‘s witness
– Don’t allow blood transfusions
Chinese cultures
– Use traditional herbal remedies or diet, which can interact with medicines
culture, religion and belief
dietary restrictions vegetarian/vegan – No meat – Lots of fruit, veg, and fibre – Low-fat (lower cholesterol, lower risk of heart disease, lower blood pressure, calcium deficiency, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, protein deficiency)
culture, religion and belief
dietary restrictions
Kosher – Dairy and meat products have to be kept separate and different implements used when preparing, serving and washing up
jewish – don’t eat pork or shellfish
Hindu and sikh– Vegetarian diet, where food cannot come into contact with meat
muslims – don’t eat pork or non-halal meat and don’t consume alcohol
