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Special Populations > Human Life Span Development > Flashcards

Human Life Span Development Flashcards

1
Q

Age of infancy

A

birth to 12 mo

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2
Q

Toddler age

A

12 to 36 mo

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3
Q

Preschool Age

A

3-5 y

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4
Q

School Age

A

6-12y

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5
Q

Adolescence (age)

A

13-18y

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6
Q

Early Adulthood

A

19-40y

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7
Q

Middle Adulthood

A

41-60y

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8
Q

Late Adulthood

A

61y+

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9
Q

Normal Vital Signs at Birth

A

100-180HR 30-60RR 60-90SPB 98-100F

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10
Q

Normal Vital Signs at 1y

A

100-160HR 30-60RR 87-105SBP 98-100F

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11
Q

Normal Vital Signs for Toddler

A

80-110HR 24-40RR 95-105SBP 96.8-99.6F

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12
Q

Normal Vital Signs for Preschool age

A

70-110HR 22-34RR 95-110SPB 96.8-99.6F

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13
Q

Normal Vital Signs for School age

A

65-110HR 18-30RR 97-112SBP 98.6F

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14
Q

Normal Vital Signs for Adolescence

A

60-90HR 12-26RR 112-128SBP 98.6F

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15
Q

Normal Vital Signs for Early Adulthood

A

60-100HR 12-20RR `120/80 98.6F

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16
Q

Normal Vital Signs for Middle Adulthood

A

60-100HR 12-20RR `120/80 98.6F

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17
Q

Normal Vital Signs for Late Adulthood

A

depends on individual health status, 98.6F

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18
Q

During first week of life infant’s weight

A

usually drops by 5-10%

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19
Q

ductus venosus

A

blood vessel that connects umbilical vein and inferior vena cava (becomes ligamentum venosum in wall of liver)

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20
Q

foramen ovale

A

an opening in the interatrial septum (becomes fossa ovalis)

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21
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and aorta (becomes ligamentum arteriosum)

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22
Q

anxious avoidant attachment

A

a type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his care givers will not be responsive or helpful when needed

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23
Q

anxious resistant attachment

A

a type of bonding that occurs when an infant is uncertain about whether or not his caregivers will be responsive or helpful when needed

24
Q

authoritarian

A

a parenting style that demands absolute obedience without regard to a child’s individual freedom

25
Q

authoritative

A

a parenting style that emphasizes a balance between a respect for authority and individual freedom

26
Q

bonding

A

the formation of a close personal relationship (as between mother and child), especially through frequent or constant association.

27
Q

conventional reasoning

A

the stage of moral development during which children desire approval from individuals and society

28
Q

difficult child

A

an infant who can be characterized by irregularity of body functions, intense reactions, and withdrawal from new situations

29
Q

easy child

A

an infant who can be characterized by regularity of bodily functions, low or moderate intensity of reactions, and acceptance of new situations.

30
Q

life expectancy

A

based on the year of birth, the average number of additional years of life expected for a member of a population.

31
Q

maximum life span

A

the theoretical, species-specific, longest duration of life, excluding premature or “unnatural” death. 120y

32
Q

modeling

A

a procedure whereby a subject observes a model perform some behavior and then attempts to imitate that behavior. Many believe it is the fundamental learning process involved in socialization.

33
Q

Moro reflex

A

occurs when a newborn is startled; arms are thrown wide, fingers spread, and a grabbing motion follows; also called a startle reflex.

34
Q

palmar grasp

A

a reflex in the newborn, which is elicited by placing a finger firmly in the infants palm

35
Q

permissive

A

a parenting style that takes a tolerant, accepting view of a child’s behavior

36
Q

postconventional reasoning

A

the stage of moral development during which individuals make moral decisions according to an enlightened conscience

37
Q

preconventional reasoning

A

the stage of moral development during which children respond mainly to cultural control to avoid punishment and attain satisfaction

38
Q

rooting reflex

A

occurs when an infant’s cheek is touched by a hand or cloth; the hungry infant turns his head to the right or left.

39
Q

scaffolding

A

a teaching/learning technique in which one builds on what has already been learned

40
Q

secure attachtment

A

a type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his caregivers will be responsive and helpful when needed.

41
Q

slow-to-warm-up child

A

an infant who can be characterized by a low intensity of reactions and a somewhat negative mood.

42
Q

sucking reflex

A

occurs when an infant’s lips are stroked.

43
Q

terminal-drop hypothesis

A

a theory that death is preceded by a five-year period of decreasing cognitive function.

44
Q

trust vs. mistrust

A

refers to a stage of psychosocial development that lasts from birth to about 1.5 years of age.

45
Q

Fontanelles

A

allow for compression of head during birth and rapid growth of brain…posterior fontanelle usually closes in 2-3 months…anterior closes between 9-18 mos.

46
Q

children usually master the basics of language by…(age)

A

3-4yo

47
Q

children begin to understand cause and effect at (age)

A

18-24mo

48
Q

children develop separation anxiety at (age)

A

18-24mo

49
Q

children develop “magical thinking” and engage in play-acting at (age)

A

24-36mo

50
Q

All primary teeth have erupted by (age)

A

36 mo

51
Q

The average toddler or preschooler gains __ kg per year

A

2.0 kg

52
Q

Infants weight gain:

A

30g/day in first month; double birth weight at 4-6mo; triple at 9-12mo (25% of mass is head)

53
Q

School age children grow:

A

6 cm/y; 3kg/y

54
Q

Girls finish growing at age __, boys at __.

A

girls finish growing at 16 yo, Boys at 18yo.

55
Q

Peak physical conditioning occurs between

A

19-26 yo

56
Q

Late adulthood respiratory changes:

A

increased airway diameter, enlarged alveoli, reduced lung surface area, stiffening chest wall, increased likelihood of respiratory diseases

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