Human Life Span Development Flashcards
Age of infancy
birth to 12 mo
Toddler age
12 to 36 mo
Preschool Age
3-5 y
School Age
6-12y
Adolescence (age)
13-18y
Early Adulthood
19-40y
Middle Adulthood
41-60y
Late Adulthood
61y+
Normal Vital Signs at Birth
100-180HR 30-60RR 60-90SPB 98-100F
Normal Vital Signs at 1y
100-160HR 30-60RR 87-105SBP 98-100F
Normal Vital Signs for Toddler
80-110HR 24-40RR 95-105SBP 96.8-99.6F
Normal Vital Signs for Preschool age
70-110HR 22-34RR 95-110SPB 96.8-99.6F
Normal Vital Signs for School age
65-110HR 18-30RR 97-112SBP 98.6F
Normal Vital Signs for Adolescence
60-90HR 12-26RR 112-128SBP 98.6F
Normal Vital Signs for Early Adulthood
60-100HR 12-20RR `120/80 98.6F
Normal Vital Signs for Middle Adulthood
60-100HR 12-20RR `120/80 98.6F
Normal Vital Signs for Late Adulthood
depends on individual health status, 98.6F
During first week of life infant’s weight
usually drops by 5-10%
ductus venosus
blood vessel that connects umbilical vein and inferior vena cava (becomes ligamentum venosum in wall of liver)
foramen ovale
an opening in the interatrial septum (becomes fossa ovalis)
ductus arteriosus
a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and aorta (becomes ligamentum arteriosum)
anxious avoidant attachment
a type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his care givers will not be responsive or helpful when needed
anxious resistant attachment
a type of bonding that occurs when an infant is uncertain about whether or not his caregivers will be responsive or helpful when needed
authoritarian
a parenting style that demands absolute obedience without regard to a child’s individual freedom
authoritative
a parenting style that emphasizes a balance between a respect for authority and individual freedom
bonding
the formation of a close personal relationship (as between mother and child), especially through frequent or constant association.
conventional reasoning
the stage of moral development during which children desire approval from individuals and society
difficult child
an infant who can be characterized by irregularity of body functions, intense reactions, and withdrawal from new situations
easy child
an infant who can be characterized by regularity of bodily functions, low or moderate intensity of reactions, and acceptance of new situations.
life expectancy
based on the year of birth, the average number of additional years of life expected for a member of a population.
maximum life span
the theoretical, species-specific, longest duration of life, excluding premature or “unnatural” death. 120y
modeling
a procedure whereby a subject observes a model perform some behavior and then attempts to imitate that behavior. Many believe it is the fundamental learning process involved in socialization.
Moro reflex
occurs when a newborn is startled; arms are thrown wide, fingers spread, and a grabbing motion follows; also called a startle reflex.
palmar grasp
a reflex in the newborn, which is elicited by placing a finger firmly in the infants palm
permissive
a parenting style that takes a tolerant, accepting view of a child’s behavior
postconventional reasoning
the stage of moral development during which individuals make moral decisions according to an enlightened conscience
preconventional reasoning
the stage of moral development during which children respond mainly to cultural control to avoid punishment and attain satisfaction
rooting reflex
occurs when an infant’s cheek is touched by a hand or cloth; the hungry infant turns his head to the right or left.
scaffolding
a teaching/learning technique in which one builds on what has already been learned
secure attachtment
a type of bonding that occurs when an infant learns that his caregivers will be responsive and helpful when needed.
slow-to-warm-up child
an infant who can be characterized by a low intensity of reactions and a somewhat negative mood.
sucking reflex
occurs when an infant’s lips are stroked.
terminal-drop hypothesis
a theory that death is preceded by a five-year period of decreasing cognitive function.
trust vs. mistrust
refers to a stage of psychosocial development that lasts from birth to about 1.5 years of age.
Fontanelles
allow for compression of head during birth and rapid growth of brain…posterior fontanelle usually closes in 2-3 months…anterior closes between 9-18 mos.
children usually master the basics of language by…(age)
3-4yo
children begin to understand cause and effect at (age)
18-24mo
children develop separation anxiety at (age)
18-24mo
children develop “magical thinking” and engage in play-acting at (age)
24-36mo
All primary teeth have erupted by (age)
36 mo
The average toddler or preschooler gains __ kg per year
2.0 kg
Infants weight gain:
30g/day in first month; double birth weight at 4-6mo; triple at 9-12mo (25% of mass is head)
School age children grow:
6 cm/y; 3kg/y
Girls finish growing at age __, boys at __.
girls finish growing at 16 yo, Boys at 18yo.
Peak physical conditioning occurs between
19-26 yo
Late adulthood respiratory changes:
increased airway diameter, enlarged alveoli, reduced lung surface area, stiffening chest wall, increased likelihood of respiratory diseases
