human life span development Flashcards
what is the years of brith to infancy
0 to 2 years
what is the years of early childhood
3 to 8 years
what is the years of adolescence
9 to 18 years
what is the years of early adulthood
19 to 45 years
what is the years of middle adulthood
46 to 65 years
what is the years of later adulthood
65 years onwards
what are the fine and gross motor skills of a new born
fine motor skills- holds their thumbs tucked into their hands
gross motor skills- reflexes such as grasp
what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 1 month old
fine motor skills- can briefly grasp a finger
gross motor skills- lift chin and control some of head
what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 3 month old
fine motor skills- briefly rattle
gross motor skills- can lift head and chest when lying on their front
what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 6 month old
fine motor skills- moves objects from hands to hand and pick up any dropped toys if in sight
gross motor skills- rolls over, sits up for a short amount of time with support, kicks legs when held
what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 9-10 month old
fine motor skills- uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
gross motor skills- crawls and begins to cruise (while holding things)
what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 12-13 month old
fine motor skills- manipulates and places toys
gross motor skills- stands alone and walks without help
what are the fine and gross motor skills of an 18 month old
fine motor skills- climbs onto furniture
gross motor skills- builds tower from blocks
what are the fine and gross motor skills of an 2 year old
fine motor skills- draws lines and circles turns page
gross motor skills- sits, on toys with their feet, throws large ball
what are the fine and gross motor skills of an 2 and a half year old
fine motor skills- uses spoon and fork and build tower with 7 or 8 block
gross motor skills- jumps from low step and kicks ball
what are the different types of play
solo play 0-1 years solo play 12-18 months parallel 18 months-2 years associative play 3-4 years cooperative play 4-6 years cooperative play 6-8 years
what is solo play?
0-1 years look and watch adults puts things in mouth and touches things with hands plays alone with toys plays simple games explores toys alone
12 months to 18 months begins to play and talk alone repeated actions starts playing with adults notices other children
what is parallel play?
18 months to 2 years
begins to enjoy repeated actions example:stuff in and out of boxes
begin to copy other children and adults
enjoys playing with adults and self
learn to complete tasks through trial and error
what is associate play ?
3 to 4 years
begins to play and coopitively with other kids and start to show reasoning skills by asking “how” and “why “
they join in and play pretend games
take on roles
what is coopertive play ?
4 to 6 years
begins to use rules in games
play cooperatively towards shared goals
takes turns when playing with other kids
6 to 8 years begins to enjoy small groups making own games and rules enjoys understanding and using rules don't cope well with loosing
The impact of moving out and leaving home
happens during early adulthood(19-45) increases independence greatly increases responsibilities financial independence might start family feel older and independent
disadvantages: stress of moving, miss family, may struggle, debt problems, relocation depression, sadness and feeling overwhelmed
each person has a different reaction to moving out- happy/sad/sentimental
leaving home is a major transitional event what are the sacrifices you need to make?
lower standard house then you are used to
impact of low income
Paxton and Dixon (2004)
found out that people who grey up poor become underachieved academically in school and less likely to go to uni or collage
one and a half ties more likely to be unemployed compared ti those who did not experience poverty
earn 10% less over their lifetime
disadvantages of poverty
poverty is associated with being a victim of crime
poorer communities are more lily to live in polluted areas
poorer people have an increased risk of dying young
what is nature
maturation of brain and body; motor skills, crawl, walk, the ability to perceive, learn and act
what is nurture
adaptation, children adapt and respond to the environment to meet their own goals. they need to learn to survive
predictable life events
for school and nursery
A- learning to make new friends and cope with change
D-feeling lost, unsafe- withdrawal
loss of support from parents
predictable life events
for beginning and changing employment
A- choosing a work role and having an income from employment
D- feeling pressured by new demands on time and mental energy
difficulty adapting, loss of lifestyle
predictable life events
for. leaving home and care
A- achieving independence controlling personal environment
D- unable to cope in new situation, feeling pressured by new tasks, loss of family care and support
predictable life events
for leaving prison
A- coping with freedom and choice
D- loss of routine, loss of structured environment, lack of support with finding income and housing and coping with discrimination
predictable life events
for marriage
A- making emotional attachments and experiencing intimacy
D- feeling threatened by intimacy and sharing possessions, loss of independence
predictable life events
for parenthood
A- attachment to infant learning parent skills
D- distribution of previous lifestyle, loss of free time, new demands on time and energy, feeling tired due to no sleep
simple version of predictable life event
happens in someones life
such as starting school, family and retirement
simple version of unpredictable life events
takes individual by surprise as they don’t know that they are going to happen as it was unplanned
such as getting ill, death and divorce
unpredictable life events for
birth of a sibling
A- learning to make new emotional attachments
D- jealousy and rivalry emotional tension because the role within the family has changed older child/children may loose attention from parents
unpredictable life events for
birth of redundancy
A- learning to adapt to changes in income and lifestyle
D- refusal to accept change. anger, depression failure to cope with loss of income and lifestyle
unpredictable life events for
birth of retirement
A- controlling own life- disengagement form work
D- loss of previous work roles, loss of contact with work colleagues, difficulty establishing new lifestyle
unpredictable life events for
birth of bereavement
A- learning to cope with loss and a new lifestyle
D- grief at the loss of the relationship failure to adapt to unwanted lifestyle
unpredictable life events for
birth of illness and serious injury
A- learning to adapt to physical change
D-grief at the loss of good health , anger depression and failure to adapt to disability
unpredictable life events for
birth of divorce
A- learning to cope with a new lifestyle
D- resentment or depression grief at the loss of the relationship. failure to adapt to a new lifestyle possible financial hardship
Piagets theory
thought intellectual development happened in stages and that a child would only go on to the next stage once the first stage is completely mastered
individual children may go through the stages at different speeds, but always in the same order.
argued younger children do not think in the same way as older children
thought that children have to go through a process (stages) of cognitive development in order to achieve the abilities of an older child or adult.
gesells maturation theory
gesell observed through observation something one way mirror, infants and children
believed that individual development as determined in their DNA genes
a blue print which says when periods start or teeth grow or vocabulary is learnt
18 months - 4 and a half years, temper tantrums become easy going
STO 8 years- confident, make friends, at 7 they become fearful
9 to 17 years, worries and anxieties , 12 , 14 and 16 more positive and energetic
