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health and social care unit 1 > human life span development > Flashcards

human life span development Flashcards

1
Q

what is the years of brith to infancy

A

0 to 2 years

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2
Q

what is the years of early childhood

A

3 to 8 years

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3
Q

what is the years of adolescence

A

9 to 18 years

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4
Q

what is the years of early adulthood

A

19 to 45 years

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5
Q

what is the years of middle adulthood

A

46 to 65 years

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6
Q

what is the years of later adulthood

A

65 years onwards

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7
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of a new born

A

fine motor skills- holds their thumbs tucked into their hands
gross motor skills- reflexes such as grasp

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8
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 1 month old

A

fine motor skills- can briefly grasp a finger

gross motor skills- lift chin and control some of head

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9
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 3 month old

A

fine motor skills- briefly rattle

gross motor skills- can lift head and chest when lying on their front

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10
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 6 month old

A

fine motor skills- moves objects from hands to hand and pick up any dropped toys if in sight
gross motor skills- rolls over, sits up for a short amount of time with support, kicks legs when held

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11
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 9-10 month old

A

fine motor skills- uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
gross motor skills- crawls and begins to cruise (while holding things)

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12
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of a 12-13 month old

A

fine motor skills- manipulates and places toys

gross motor skills- stands alone and walks without help

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13
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of an 18 month old

A

fine motor skills- climbs onto furniture

gross motor skills- builds tower from blocks

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14
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of an 2 year old

A

fine motor skills- draws lines and circles turns page

gross motor skills- sits, on toys with their feet, throws large ball

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15
Q

what are the fine and gross motor skills of an 2 and a half year old

A

fine motor skills- uses spoon and fork and build tower with 7 or 8 block
gross motor skills- jumps from low step and kicks ball

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16
Q

what are the different types of play

A 
solo play 0-1 years
solo play 12-18 months
parallel 18 months-2 years 
associative play 3-4 years 
cooperative play 4-6 years 
cooperative play 6-8 years
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17
Q

what is solo play?

A 
0-1 years 
look and watch adults 
puts things in mouth and touches things with hands 
plays alone with toys 
plays simple games 
explores toys alone 
12 months to 18 months 
begins to play and talk alone 
repeated actions 
starts playing with adults 
notices other children
18
Q

what is parallel play?

A

18 months to 2 years
begins to enjoy repeated actions example:stuff in and out of boxes

begin to copy other children and adults
enjoys playing with adults and self
learn to complete tasks through trial and error

19
Q

what is associate play ?

A

3 to 4 years
begins to play and coopitively with other kids and start to show reasoning skills by asking “how” and “why “
they join in and play pretend games
take on roles

20
Q

what is coopertive play ?

A

4 to 6 years
begins to use rules in games
play cooperatively towards shared goals
takes turns when playing with other kids

6 to 8 years 
begins to enjoy small groups
making own games and rules 
enjoys understanding and using rules 
don't cope well with loosing
21
Q

The impact of moving out and leaving home

A 
happens during early adulthood(19-45)
increases independence greatly 
increases responsibilities 
financial independence
might start family 
feel older and independent

disadvantages: stress of moving, miss family, may struggle, debt problems, relocation depression, sadness and feeling overwhelmed

each person has a different reaction to moving out- happy/sad/sentimental

22
Q

leaving home is a major transitional event what are the sacrifices you need to make?

A

lower standard house then you are used to

23
Q

impact of low income

A

Paxton and Dixon (2004)
found out that people who grey up poor become underachieved academically in school and less likely to go to uni or collage
one and a half ties more likely to be unemployed compared ti those who did not experience poverty
earn 10% less over their lifetime

24
Q

disadvantages of poverty

A

poverty is associated with being a victim of crime
poorer communities are more lily to live in polluted areas
poorer people have an increased risk of dying young

25
Q

what is nature

A

maturation of brain and body; motor skills, crawl, walk, the ability to perceive, learn and act

26
Q

what is nurture

A

adaptation, children adapt and respond to the environment to meet their own goals. they need to learn to survive

27
Q

predictable life events

for school and nursery

A

A- learning to make new friends and cope with change

D-feeling lost, unsafe- withdrawal
loss of support from parents

28
Q

predictable life events

for beginning and changing employment

A

A- choosing a work role and having an income from employment
D- feeling pressured by new demands on time and mental energy
difficulty adapting, loss of lifestyle

29
Q

predictable life events

for. leaving home and care

A

A- achieving independence controlling personal environment

D- unable to cope in new situation, feeling pressured by new tasks, loss of family care and support

30
Q

predictable life events

for leaving prison

A

A- coping with freedom and choice
D- loss of routine, loss of structured environment, lack of support with finding income and housing and coping with discrimination

31
Q

predictable life events

for marriage

A

A- making emotional attachments and experiencing intimacy

D- feeling threatened by intimacy and sharing possessions, loss of independence

32
Q

predictable life events

for parenthood

A

A- attachment to infant learning parent skills

D- distribution of previous lifestyle, loss of free time, new demands on time and energy, feeling tired due to no sleep

33
Q

simple version of predictable life event

A

happens in someones life

such as starting school, family and retirement

34
Q

simple version of unpredictable life events

A

takes individual by surprise as they don’t know that they are going to happen as it was unplanned
such as getting ill, death and divorce

35
Q

unpredictable life events for

birth of a sibling

A

A- learning to make new emotional attachments
D- jealousy and rivalry emotional tension because the role within the family has changed older child/children may loose attention from parents

36
Q

unpredictable life events for

birth of redundancy

A

A- learning to adapt to changes in income and lifestyle

D- refusal to accept change. anger, depression failure to cope with loss of income and lifestyle

37
Q

unpredictable life events for

birth of retirement

A

A- controlling own life- disengagement form work

D- loss of previous work roles, loss of contact with work colleagues, difficulty establishing new lifestyle

38
Q

unpredictable life events for

birth of bereavement

A

A- learning to cope with loss and a new lifestyle

D- grief at the loss of the relationship failure to adapt to unwanted lifestyle

39
Q

unpredictable life events for

birth of illness and serious injury

A

A- learning to adapt to physical change

D-grief at the loss of good health , anger depression and failure to adapt to disability

40
Q

unpredictable life events for

birth of divorce

A

A- learning to cope with a new lifestyle
D- resentment or depression grief at the loss of the relationship. failure to adapt to a new lifestyle possible financial hardship

41
Q

Piagets theory

A

thought intellectual development happened in stages and that a child would only go on to the next stage once the first stage is completely mastered
individual children may go through the stages at different speeds, but always in the same order.
argued younger children do not think in the same way as older children
thought that children have to go through a process (stages) of cognitive development in order to achieve the abilities of an older child or adult.

42
Q

gesells maturation theory

A

gesell observed through observation something one way mirror, infants and children
believed that individual development as determined in their DNA genes
a blue print which says when periods start or teeth grow or vocabulary is learnt

18 months - 4 and a half years, temper tantrums become easy going
STO 8 years- confident, make friends, at 7 they become fearful
9 to 17 years, worries and anxieties , 12 , 14 and 16 more positive and energetic

health and social care unit 1 (1 decks)

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