Human Life Cycle +Psych Flashcards
What are the milestones & play of infancy?
6 wk: social smile, eyes follow obj across midline
7-12 mos: crawling, play with purposeful exploration of envir with all senses
12 mos: avg for first word and first walking
What are the milestones in cognitive development in infancy?
0-24 mos Piaget “Sensory-Motor” Phase-knowing through action and perception
4-16 weeks-objects are “out of sight, out of mind”
4-6 mos-beginning object permanence
7-10 mod established object permanence
What are the milestones in social emotional/psychoanalytic development in infancy?
7 mod pronounced stranger anxiety, beginning of object constancy, attachment style usually established by 10 mod.
0-12 mos Freud’s oral phase
12 mos most have transitional object
What is the psychological conflict associated with infancy according to Erickson’s stages of development?
Trust vs. mistrust
What are the milestones/play in toddlerhood (12-36 months)?
18 mos: avg 50 words, parallel play
24 mos: combines words into 2-3 word phrases
24-36 mos: beginning of fantasy play
36 mos: toilet training begun for most
What are the milestones in cognitive development in toddlerhood?
- Capacity to think/play is no match for impulse to act
- 0-24mos Piaget sensory motor stage, 18-24mos beginning of conceptual thought
- 2-6 yo piaget pre-operational period
What are the milestones in social emotional/psychoanalytic development in toddlerhood?
10-16mos- “early separation/individuation”
16-25 mos- late separation/individuation. some oppositional behavior “terrible twos”
24-36 mos: fears about body injuries “boo boos”
Freud’s Anal stage
List the different types of loss.
- Real loss
- Threatened loss
- Symbolic loss, e.g. MLK, JFK, 9/11
- Fantasized loss
Define and differentiated grief, mourning, and bereavement
Grief: subjective feelings and behaviors in response to irreversible loss
Mourning: social and cultural expression of grief, e.g. funerals
bereavement: reaction to loss by death
List and describe Bowlby’s stages of bereavement in adults
- Numbness and protest
- yearning and searching
- disorganization and despair
- reorganization
List and describe Bowlby’s stages of bereavement in children.
- protest
- Despair
- detachment
Compare and contrast bereavement and clinical depression
Characteristics of depression in contrast to bereavement:
- longer time course
- may have sustained depressive delusions
- continuous depressed mood, worthless feelings
- focused on self-self blame/guilt
- no change or worsening in réponse to support and ventilation
List and discuss Kubler Ross’s stages of dying
- Shock and Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
What is the psychological conflict associated with toddlerhood according to Erickson’s stages of development?
autonomy versus shame/doubt
What are the milestones/play during preschool age? 3-6 years old
Preschoolers live to play
sympbolic/imaginary/storytelling play. normal to have imaginary friends.
need to master basic social skills such as taking turns and sharing. early failures lead to hitting/biting.
What are the milestones in cognitive development in preschool age children?
Piaget Pre operational stage: magical ideas of cause and effect
Conservation not understood. Animism, egocentricity, can’t distinguish fantasy and reality.
prone to thinking that things are their fault-medically
What are the social emotional psychoanalytic features of preschool age children?
Freud phallic/oedipal stage
normal: masturbation, playing doctor with peers
realization that child is not at center of dyadic relationship
empathy
What is the psychological conflict associated with preschool age according to Erickson’s stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
What are the milestones/play of school age children? 6-11 years old
5-6 yo: 3 Rs
children play with same sex groups. friends very important.
play requires rules, seriation, grouping. Hobbies
Play is rule bound and goal directed. fairness important
What are the features of cognitive development in school age children?
Piaget’s concrete operations
conservation understood
7 yo: establishment of reality testing- knowing difference between imagination and reality
development of executive functions
What are the social emotional psychoanalytic features of school age children?
Freud’s latency stage: relief from sexual drives that allows space for mastery of cognitive skills +other skills
strong punitive conscience
What is the psychological conflict associated with school age according to Erickson’s stages of development?
industry vs inferiority
What are the milestones/play for adolescence?
onset of puberty
play is social, dev of relationships
mainly same sex groups, but later mixed
What are the cognitive dev. features of adolescence?
Piaget’s formal operations stage
form hypotheses, deductive reasoning
higher cognitive functions like judgment and risk assessment lag behind emotional drive
What are the features of social emotional/psychoanalytic dev in adolescence?
struggle with controlling aggression and sexual impulses
self esteem and mood vary
relaxation of the conscience
concern with larger social welfare
constant conflict with parents not normal
What is the Erickson’s stage of development conflict for adolescence?
identity versus role diffusion
