Human Life Cycle +Psych

Question 1

What are the milestones & play of infancy?

Answer 1

6 wk: social smile, eyes follow obj across midline
7-12 mos: crawling, play with purposeful exploration of envir with all senses
12 mos: avg for first word and first walking

Question 2

What are the milestones in cognitive development in infancy?

Answer 2

0-24 mos Piaget “Sensory-Motor” Phase-knowing through action and perception
4-16 weeks-objects are “out of sight, out of mind”
4-6 mos-beginning object permanence
7-10 mod established object permanence

Question 3

What are the milestones in social emotional/psychoanalytic development in infancy?

Answer 3

7 mod pronounced stranger anxiety, beginning of object constancy, attachment style usually established by 10 mod.
0-12 mos Freud’s oral phase
12 mos most have transitional object

Question 4

What is the psychological conflict associated with infancy according to Erickson’s stages of development?

Answer 4

Trust vs. mistrust

Question 5

What are the milestones/play in toddlerhood (12-36 months)?

Answer 5

18 mos: avg 50 words, parallel play
24 mos: combines words into 2-3 word phrases
24-36 mos: beginning of fantasy play
36 mos: toilet training begun for most

Question 6

What are the milestones in cognitive development in toddlerhood?

Answer 6

• Capacity to think/play is no match for impulse to act
• 0-24mos Piaget sensory motor stage, 18-24mos beginning of conceptual thought
• 2-6 yo piaget pre-operational period

Question 7

What are the milestones in social emotional/psychoanalytic development in toddlerhood?

Answer 7

10-16mos- “early separation/individuation”
16-25 mos- late separation/individuation. some oppositional behavior “terrible twos”
24-36 mos: fears about body injuries “boo boos”
Freud’s Anal stage

Question 8

List the different types of loss.

Answer 8

1. Real loss
2. Threatened loss
3. Symbolic loss, e.g. MLK, JFK, 9/11
4. Fantasized loss

Question 9

Define and differentiated grief, mourning, and bereavement

Answer 9

Grief: subjective feelings and behaviors in response to irreversible loss
Mourning: social and cultural expression of grief, e.g. funerals
bereavement: reaction to loss by death

Question 10

List and describe Bowlby’s stages of bereavement in adults

Answer 10

1. Numbness and protest
2. yearning and searching
3. disorganization and despair
4. reorganization

Question 11

List and describe Bowlby’s stages of bereavement in children.

Answer 11

1. protest
2. Despair
3. detachment

Question 12

Compare and contrast bereavement and clinical depression

Answer 12

Characteristics of depression in contrast to bereavement:

1. longer time course
2. may have sustained depressive delusions
3. continuous depressed mood, worthless feelings
4. focused on self-self blame/guilt
5. no change or worsening in réponse to support and ventilation

Question 13

List and discuss Kubler Ross’s stages of dying

Answer 13

1. Shock and Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance

Question 14

What is the psychological conflict associated with toddlerhood according to Erickson’s stages of development?

Answer 14

autonomy versus shame/doubt

Question 15

What are the milestones/play during preschool age? 3-6 years old

Answer 15

Preschoolers live to play
sympbolic/imaginary/storytelling play. normal to have imaginary friends.
need to master basic social skills such as taking turns and sharing. early failures lead to hitting/biting.

Question 16

What are the milestones in cognitive development in preschool age children?

Answer 16

Piaget Pre operational stage: magical ideas of cause and effect
Conservation not understood. Animism, egocentricity, can’t distinguish fantasy and reality.
prone to thinking that things are their fault-medically

Question 17

What are the social emotional psychoanalytic features of preschool age children?

Answer 17

Freud phallic/oedipal stage
normal: masturbation, playing doctor with peers
realization that child is not at center of dyadic relationship
empathy

Question 18

What is the psychological conflict associated with preschool age according to Erickson’s stages of development?

Answer 18

initiative vs. guilt

Question 19

What are the milestones/play of school age children? 6-11 years old

Answer 19

5-6 yo: 3 Rs
children play with same sex groups. friends very important.
play requires rules, seriation, grouping. Hobbies
Play is rule bound and goal directed. fairness important

Question 20

What are the features of cognitive development in school age children?

Answer 20

Piaget’s concrete operations
conservation understood
7 yo: establishment of reality testing- knowing difference between imagination and reality
development of executive functions

Question 21

What are the social emotional psychoanalytic features of school age children?

Answer 21

Freud’s latency stage: relief from sexual drives that allows space for mastery of cognitive skills +other skills
strong punitive conscience

Question 22

What is the psychological conflict associated with school age according to Erickson’s stages of development?

Answer 22

industry vs inferiority

Question 23

What are the milestones/play for adolescence?

Answer 23

onset of puberty
play is social, dev of relationships
mainly same sex groups, but later mixed

Question 24

What are the cognitive dev. features of adolescence?

Answer 24

Piaget’s formal operations stage
form hypotheses, deductive reasoning
higher cognitive functions like judgment and risk assessment lag behind emotional drive

Question 25

What are the features of social emotional/psychoanalytic dev in adolescence?

Answer 25

struggle with controlling aggression and sexual impulses
self esteem and mood vary
relaxation of the conscience
concern with larger social welfare
constant conflict with parents not normal

Question 26

What is the Erickson’s stage of development conflict for adolescence?

Answer 26

identity versus role diffusion