Human Impact C1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define biodiversity:

A

The number of species and individuals of each species in a given place at a given time

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2
Q

Define endangered

A

A species that is at risk of extinction

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3
Q

Define extinct

A

A species that has no living members

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4
Q

List four reasons animals may become endangered

A

Natural selection, habitat destruction such as deforestation and loss of hedgerows; pollution such as PCBs and oil; hunting and collecting; competing domestic or invasive animals.

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5
Q

List four ways we could conserve species

A

Habitat protection by nature reserves and SSSI; international cooperation restricting trade (eg CITES); breeding programmes by zoos and botanic gardens; sperm banks and seed stores and reintroduction, education, ecotourism.

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6
Q

List four ways we have made agriculture more intensive in the last 70 years

A

Hedgerow removal, fertiliser, pesticide, herbicide and fungicide use

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7
Q

Why do fish die during eutrophication?

A

Aerobic bacteria decompose dead plants and algae, using up O2 in the water

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8
Q

Give the three ways deforestation increases atmospheric CO2

A

Less photosynthesis, cut trees either decay or are burned

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9
Q

Describe coppicing

A

A tree trunk is cut, leaving a ?stool? a few cm high. Shoots can still emerge from the stool, and can be cut on rotation to provide timer of different widths

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10
Q

Give three ways to reduce overfishing

A

Larger mesh size , quotas, exclusion zones (best three answers)

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11
Q

Define planetary boundary

A

A threshold value for a global process affected by human activity. If crossed could lead to unpredictable/irreversible change

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12
Q

What is the status of the biodiversity planetary boundary?

A

Crossed

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13
Q

What is the status of the climate change planetary boundary?

A

Crossed

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14
Q

What is the status of the nitrate and phosphate planetary boundary?

A

Crossed

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15
Q

What is the status of the land use planetary boundary?

A

Crossed

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16
Q

What is the status of the freshwater planetary boundary?

A

Avoidable

17
Q

What is the status of the inorganic pollution planetary boundary?

A

Unknown

18
Q

What is the status of the ocean acidification planetary boundary?

A

Avoidable

19
Q

What is the status of the ozone planetary boundary?

A

Avoided (reversed)

20
Q

How would you investigate the biodiversity of plants on a field?

A

Divide the area into a grid, use a random number generator to give coordinates, use a quadrat and count number of species and individuals of each species, repeat at different times of year

21
Q

How would you measure how distribution of daisies changes moving away from the treeline?

A

Lay out a transect line, place a quadrat at regular intervals, count the number/percentage coverage of daisies in a quadrat, repeat in a different area or at a different time of year.