HUMAN HEREDITY EXAM 3

Question 1

Oocyte

Answer 1

A female gamete

A cell from which an ovum develops by meiosis.

Question 2

Sperm

Answer 2

A male gamete

Question 3

Gonads

Answer 3

Organs where gametes are produced

Question 4

Testes

Answer 4

Male gonads that produce sperm and sex hormones

Question 5

Ovaries

Answer 5

Female gonads that produce oocytes and female sex hormones.

Question 6

Scrotum

Answer 6

A pouch of skin outside the male body that contains the testes;
Provides proper temperature for sperm formation by testes

Question 7

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 7

Small, tightly coiled tubes inside the testes where sperm are produced

Question 8

Spermatogenesis

Answer 8

The process of sperm production;

Begins at puberty

Question 9

Epididymis

Answer 9

A part of the male reproductive system where sperm are stored;
Sperm storage and maturation

Question 10

Vas deferens

Answer 10

A duct connected to the epididymis, which sperm travels through ;
Transport of sperm from epididymis to urethra

Question 11

Urethra

Answer 11

A tube that passes from the bladders and opens to the outside.
It functions in urine transport and, in males, also carries sperm

Question 12

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 12

Glands in the male that secrete a mucus like substance that provides lubrication for intercourse;
Bulb shaped gland near the urethral gland

Question 13

Seminal vesicles

Answer 13

Glands in males that secrete fructose and prostaglandins into the semen;
Nutrients

Question 14

Prostate gland

Answer 14

A gland that secretes a milky,alkaline fluid that neutralizes acidic vaginal secretions and enhances sperm viability.

Question 15

Semen, semenial fluid ejaculat

Answer 15

Come back

Question 16

Oviduct

Answer 16

A duct with finger like projections partially surrounding the ovary and connecting to the uterus;
Site of fertilization “Fallopian tubes”

Question 17

Uterus

Answer 17

A hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ where an early embryo will implant and develop throughout pregnancy;
Nourishment and production of fetus

Question 18

Endometrium

Answer 18

The inner lining of the uterus that is shed at menstruation if fertilization has not occurred

Question 19

Cervix

Answer 19

The lower neck of the uterus, opening into the vagina.

Question 20

Teratogens

Examples

Answer 20

Any physical or chemical agent that brings about an increase kits in congenital malformations.
•radiation 
•viruses
•medications
•alcohol

Question 21

First Trimester

Answer 21

First month: basic tissue layers form most of the body is divided into paired segments

Second month: most major organ systems are just formed

Third month: embryo becomes a fetus sexual development is initiated.

Question 22

Second Trimester

Answer 22

• Increase in size and organ system development.
• Bony parts of skeleton form
• Heartbeat is heard with a stethoscope
• Fetal movement begins

Question 23

Third Trimester

Answer 23

• rapid growth

* circulatory and respiratory systems mature

Question 24

SRY

Answer 24

A gene called the second determining region of the Y, located near the end of the short arm of the Y chromosome that plays a major role in causing the undifferentiated gland to develop into a testis;

Question 25

Testosterone

Answer 25

A steroid hormone produced by the testis; the male sex hormone

Question 26

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)

Answer 26

A hormone produced by the developing testis that causes the breakdown of the Müllerian(female) ducts in the embryo;

Question 27

Complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS)

Answer 27

An X-linked genetic trait that causes XY individuals to develop into phenotypic females

Question 28

Dosage Compensation

Answer 28

A mechanism that regulates the expression of sex- linked genes

Question 29

Barr Body

Answer 29

A densely staining mass in the somatic nuclei of mammalian females; an inactivated X chromosome tightly coiled

Question 30

X-inactivation center

Answer 30

A region on the X chromosome where inactivation begins

Question 31

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

Answer 31

The collection of techniques used to help infertile couples have children

Question 32

Infertility in women

Answer 32

1. Hormone levels
2. Ovarian problems
3. Oviduct and uterine problems

Question 33

Infertility in men

Answer 33

1. Low sperm count
2. Low sperm motility
3. Genetics plays a role in male infertility
4. No sperm in semen

Question 34

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Answer 34

Donor sperm is placed into the uterus of an ovulating woman. The sperm swim up the oviduct and fertilize the egg

Question 35

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Answer 35

A procedure in which gametes are collected and fertilized in a dish in the laboratory; the resulting zygote is implanted in the uterus for development.

Question 36

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Answer 36

A treatment to overcome defects in sperm count or mortilility; an egg is fertilized by micro injection of a single sperm

Question 37

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Answer 37

An ART procedure in which gametes are collected and placed into a woman’s oviduct for fertilization

Question 38

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Answer 38

An ART procedure in which gametes are collected, fertilization takes place in vitro, and the resulting zygote (fertilized egg) is transferred to a woman’s oviduct

Question 39

Surrogacy

Answer 39

When another woman carries and gives birth to a baby for a couple who wants to have a child

Question 40

Test for genetics ?

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

Answer 40

Removal and genetic analysis of a single cell from a 3 to 5 day old embryo; used to select embryos free of genetic disorders for implantation and development

Question 41

Gametes

Answer 41

Underutilized germ cells