Human Growth & Development

Question 1

Jean Piaget Stages of Development

Answer 1

Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete Operations (7-12), Formal Operations (12-16)

Question 2

Schema

Answer 2

Jean Piaget- patterns of thought and behavior

Question 3

Accomodation

Answer 3

modified cognitive schema to incorporate new info

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

when the individual fits information into existing ideas

Question 5

Object Permanence

Answer 5

Sensorimotor stage- an object the child can’t see still exists

Question 6

Centration

Answer 6

Preoperational stage- act of focusing on one aspect of something

Question 7

Conservation

Answer 7

Concrete operations- the child knows that volume and quantity do not change, just because the appearance of the object changes

Question 8

Keagan’s Constructive Developmental Model

Answer 8

emphasizes the impact of interpersonal interaction and our perception of reality

Question 9

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development

Answer 9

1. Preconventional Level
2. Conventional Level
3. Postconventional Level

Question 10

Kohlberg’s Preconventional Level

Answer 10

behavior governed by consequences

Question 11

Kohlberg’s Conventional Level

Answer 11

desire to conform to socially acceptable rules

Question 12

Kohlberg’s postconventional level

Answer 12

self-accepted moral principles guide behavior

Question 13

Carol Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Development for Women

Answer 13

Pointed out that Kohlberg’s research was conducted on males, women have a sense of caring and compassion

Question 14

Daniel Levinson Four Major Eras

Answer 14

childhood/adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood

Question 15

Lev Vygotsky- zone of proximal development

Answer 15

refers to the difference in a child’s ability to solve problems on his own and his capacity to solve them with some help from others

Question 16

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Stages

Answer 16

oral (0-1), anal (1-3), phallic (3-7), latency (7-12), genital (adolescence and adulthood)

Question 17

Regression

Answer 17

to return to an earlier stage caused by stress

Question 18

Fixation

Answer 18

the person is unable to move to the next stage

Question 19

Oedipal/Electra complex

Answer 19

Male/Female competition with same sex parent for opposite sex parent

Question 20

Abraham Maslow

Answer 20

Hierarchy of Needs- lower order physiological and safety needs must be fulfilled before self- actualization can occur

Question 21

William Perry’s Three Stage Theory for adults

Answer 21

Dualism- students view truth as either right or wrong
Relativism- the notion that a perfect answer may not exist
Commitment to relativism- individual is willing to change their opinion based on novel facts and new points of view

Question 22

Erik Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages

Answer 22

trust vs. mistrust (0-1.5) autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1.5-3) initiative versus guilt (3-6) industry vs. inferiority (6-11) identity vs. role confusion (12-18) intimacy vs. isolation (18-35) generativity vs. stagnation (35-60) integrity vs. despair (65+)

Question 23

Diana Baumrind’s Typology of Parenting Styles

Answer 23

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive passive indulgent

Question 24

Authoritative

Answer 24

high expectations for the child, but is warm and nurturing. child is given an explanation of the rules

Question 25

Authoritarian

Answer 25

characterized by bossy parenting

Question 26

Permissive

Answer 26

very affectionate and wishes to please the child like a friend