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Developmentally Disabled > Human Growth & Development > Flashcards

Human Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

Failure to thrive (growth faltering)

A

infants whose wt, ht, & head circumference are substantially below the age-related norms

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2
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Epigenetic Model: Personality Development

A

Development occurs throughout the life cycle
Normative crises occur at each stage
Adequate resolution necessary for optimal development

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3
Q

Erickson’s: Infancy

A

Crisis: basic trust vs mistrust (dependent on how their needs are met by caregivers)
Strength: hope

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4
Q

Erikson’s: Early Childhood

A

Crisis: Autonomy vs shame & doubt (independence if they’re allowed to explore or shame & self-doubt if they are restricted/ overprotected)
Purpose: Will

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5
Q

Erikson’s: Play Age

A

Crisis: Initiative vs guilt
Strength: Purpose

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6
Q

Erikson’s: School Age

A

Crisis: Industry vs Inferiority
Strength: Competence

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7
Q

Erikson’s: Adolescence

A

Crisis: Identity vs Role confusion
Strength: fidelity (faithfulness)

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8
Q

Erikson’s: Young Adulthood

A

Crisis: Intimacy vs Isolation
Strength: Love

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9
Q

Erikson’s: Adulthood

A

Crisis: Generativity vs Stagnation
Strength: Care

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10
Q

Erikson’s: Old Age

A

Crisis: Integrity vs Despair
Strength: Wisdom

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11
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

Caution & weariness displayed by infants (8-10 months) when encountering an unfamiliar person

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12
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

Distress displayed by infants (start at 6-8 months & peaks at 14-18 months) when primary caregiver departs

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13
Q

Erikson’s: Early Childhood

A

Crisis: Autonomy vs shame & doubt (independence if they’re allowed to explore or shame & self-doubt if they are restricted/ overprotected)
Say “NO”, start moving away from primary caregiver
Purpose: Will
Toddlers

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14
Q

Erikson’s: Play Age

A

Crisis: Initiative vs guilt (conflict b/n independence of action & sometimes the negative results of that action)
Strength: Purpose
Age 3-6

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15
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

Distress displayed by infants (start at 6-8 months & peaks at 14-18 months) when primary caregiver departs

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16
Q

Object Permanence

A

Understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
First: kids only look for item where it was last seen instead of using inference to find where it has been moved
Partially complete by 8-12 months –> complete by 12-18

17
Q

Attachment

A

Positive emotional bond b/n a child & another individual –> child feels pleasure when with them & comforted by them in times of distress
As child becomes more independent they can progressively roam farther away from that security

18
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy/ Toddlers

A

Exposed to really poor care or abuse
Inhibited Type: child is withdrawn or unresponsive
Disinhibited Type: child approaches & cuddles up to strangers
Goal of tx: help child form bond to one caregiver

19
Q

Temperament

A

Patterns of arousal & emotionality that represent consistent & enduring characteristics in an individual
Child’s behavior (not fixed)
Inherited traits that are fairly stable throughout life–traits make up personality

20
Q

Easy (temperament) Babies

A

Babies with positive disposition, body fxns operate regularly & are adaptable

21
Q

Difficult (temperament) Babies

A

Babies with negative moods & are slow to adapt to new situations ; withdraw in new situations

22
Q

Slow-to-warm Babies

A

Inactive babies with relatively calm reactions to their environment; moods are generally negative & withdraw from new situations. Adapt slowly

23
Q

Goodness of fit

A

Development is partially dependent on match between child’s temperament & nature and demands of environment which they are being raised

24
Q

Make Believe Play

A

Kids grow cognitively & learn about important activities in their culture
Toddlers need encouragement to do this

25
Q

Preschooler’s Theory of Mind

A

Age 2: understand others have emotions
Age 3-4: distinguish b/n something in their minds & physical actuality
End of preschool: easily solve false belief problems

26
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development:

A 
4 Factors: 
Maturation of the nervous system
Experience
Social transmission of info
Equilibration
27
Q

Piaget Cognitive: Sensorimotor Stage

A 
First 2 years
Reacting to & manipulating environment
Relationship means
Object permanence
Infers cause & effect 
Assimilation/Accomodation
28
Q

Piaget Cognitive: Preoperational Stage

A

2-6 years
Language acquisition
Symbolic reasoning (and use of concepts)–use a symbol to represent something that’s not physically present
Centration: concentrate on one limited superficial aspect of a stimuli & ignore others (cause inaccuracy in thought)
Egocentrism (don’t consider other’s viewpoints)
Transductive thinking
Magical thinking
Intuitive thought: primitive reasoning & aquisition of knowledge about the world

29
Q

Piaget Cognitive: Concrete Operations

A 
6-11 years
Logical cause/effect thinking
Reversibility of events 
Social speech 
ability to take others point of view 
Conservation of volume/quantity 
Rigid interpretation of the rules
30
Q

Piaget Cognitive: Formal Operations

A 
11+ years
Abstract thinking 
More elaborate info processing
Metacognitive capacity 
Grasp probabilities 
Hypothetical thinking
31
Q

Erikson’s: School Age

A

Crisis: Industry vs Inferiority (Industry: develop a sense of competence at useful skills/tasks vs Inferiority: pessimism & lack of confidence in own ability to do things well)
Strength: Competence

32
Q

Erikson’s: Adolescence

A

Crisis: Identity vs Role confusion (Identity: defining who you are, what you value & your direction in life vs. Role of Confusion: lack of direction & definition of self)
Strength: fidelity (faithfulness)

33
Q

Piaget Cognitive: Concrete Operations

A

7-11 years
Logical cause/effect thinking
Reversibility of events
Social speech
Ability to take others point of view
Conservation of volume/quantity
Rigid interpretation of the rules
Concrete operations: math & reasoning
Concept of conservation: 1 thing can have 2 meanings
Most cope well with illness & understand finality of death–those that don’t act out

34
Q

Piaget Cognitive: Formal Operations

A 
11+ years
Abstract thinking 
More elaborate info processing
Metacognitive capacity 
Grasp probabilities 
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Propositional Thought: evaluate logic of verbal propositions
35
Q

Fears/Anxieties in Middle Childhood

A

Fears: dark, thunder, lightning, supernatural beings persist
Fear of real-life personal harm
School Phobia: 5-7yo separation from home; 11-13 aspects of school

Developmentally Disabled (3 decks)

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