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human growth & development Flashcards

1
Q

who developed the 8 stage of development?

A

Eric Erikson

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2
Q

what stage. of human development is from birth to 1 year of age?

A

Trust vs mistrust

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3
Q

what stage of human development is between the ages of 1 and 3?

A

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

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4
Q

what stage of human development is between the ages of 3 and 6?

A

Initiative vs guilt

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5
Q

what stage of human development is between the ages of 6 to puberty?

A

industry vs inferiority

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6
Q

what stage of human development is during adolescence?

A

identity vs role confusion

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7
Q

what stage of human development is in young adulthood?

A

intimacy vs isolation

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8
Q

what stage of human development is during middle adulthood?

A

generativity vs stagnation

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9
Q

what stage of human development is as individuals grow older?

A

Ego Integrity vs Despair

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10
Q

what is enhanced when peaceful and safe environments withi neighborhoods and communities are created?

A

Social cohesion

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11
Q

what exists to the extent that individuals’ voices are expressed and heard?

A

social accountability

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12
Q

what are the 6 levels of cognitive development?

A
  1. Knowledge (rote memorization)
  2. comprehension (understanding)
  3. application (use of)
  4. Analysis (breaking down info)
  5. synthesis (combination of facts & ideas)
  6. evaluation (judging or forming an opinion
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13
Q

what are the three domains of learning?

A
  1. cognitive (knowledge)
  2. Affective (emotional area)
  3. Psychomotor (physical)
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14
Q

Who was the developmental psychologis best known for his theory of cognitive development?

A

Jean Piaget

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15
Q

who developed the theory of moral development (which parallels cognitive development)?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

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16
Q

what is the first major level and the stages in the theory of moral development?

A

Preconventional - before age 9 and has stages 1 & 2

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17
Q

what is the second major level and the stages in the theory of moral development?

A

Conventional - early adolescence and has stages 3 (person acts to gain approval from others) & 4 (obeys laws & fulfils duties)

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18
Q

what is the third major level and the stages in the theory of moral development?

A

Postconventional - adult and has stage 5 (interest in others) & 6 (guided by principles)

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19
Q

what is the conceptual framework that describes how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning?

A

Learning theory

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20
Q

What are the 4 orientations of learning theory and who are the theorists?

A
  1. Behaviorist (Pavlov, Skinner)
  2. Cognitive (Piaget)
  3. Humanistic (Maslow)
  4. Social/Situational (Bandura)
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21
Q

Which learning theory is viewed through change in behavior & stimuli in the external environment? Social workers aim to change the external environment in order to bring about desired change.

A

Behaviorist pg 61

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22
Q

Which learning theory is viewed through internal mental processes? Social workers develop opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve learning.

A

Cognitive

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23
Q

Which learning theory is viewed as a person’s activities aimed at reaching his full potential? SW develops the whole person

A

Humanistic

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24
Q

Which learning theory devlops learning between people and their environment? SW establish opportunities for conversation and participation to occur

A

Social/Situational

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25
what are the two classes of behavior?
respondent and operant
26
which class of behavior is involuntary behavior that is automatically elicited by certain behavior? A stimuls elicits a response (ex, anxiety)
Respondent
27
which class of behavior is voluntary behavior that is controlled by its consequences in the environment? (ex walking, talking)
operant
28
respondent or classical conditioning is used by what theorist?
Pavlov
29
operant conditioning is used by what theorist?
BF Skinner)
30
unconditioned stimulus leads to unconditional response unconditioned stimulus + Conditioned stimulus leads to unconditioned response Conditioned stimulus leads to conditioned response
respondent or classical conditioning
31
antecedent leads to response/behavior which leads to consequences
Operant conditioning
32
the operant technique that increases probability that behavior will occur by rewarding positive behavior
positive reinforcement
33
the operant technique that says behavior increases because of aversive stimulus is removed
negative reinforcement
34
the operant technique that presents an undesirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing that behavior such as hitting
positive punishment
35
the operant technique that removes the desirable stimulus following a behavior the purpose of decreasing that behavior (take away a dessert)
negative punishment
36
Behavioral term: treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or behavior by repeated pairig of it with an aversive stimulus (antabuse)
Aversion therapy
37
Behavior training program that teaches a person how to control certain functions such as heart rate, muscular tension. Useful for ADHD, Anxiety
biofeedback
38
a behavior term: withoulding a reinforcer that normally follows a behavior. behavior that fails to produce reinforcement will eventually cease
extinction
39
a treatment procedure in which a client's anxiety is extinguished by prologed real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli
flooding
40
pairing and movement through a hierarchy of anxiety, from lest to most provoking situations; takes place in real setting
In vivo desensitization
41
method of instruction that involves demonstrating
modeling
42
a cognitive theory where a SW changes a client's irrational beliefs by argumental, rational reevaluation and by teaching
rational emotive therapy (RET) page 64
43
method used to train a new behavior by prompting and reinforcing successive approximations fo the desired behavior
shaping
44
anxiety producing stimulus is paired with relaxation producing responses so tht eventually the anxiety produces relaxation
systematic desensitization
45
removal or something desirable - negative punishment technique
time out
46
a client receives tokens as reinforcement for performing specific behaviors
token economy
47
refers to the idea that one is a member of a particular cultural, national, or racial group
ethnicity
48
the identity of a group or culture of an individual who is influenced by their self-identification with that group
cultural identity
49
what is the 3 stage model for adolescent cultural and ethnic identity development?
first stage is unexamined cultural, racial, and ethnic identity - characterized by lack of exploration 2nd stage - cultural, racial, and ethnic identity search (questioning) 3rd stage - cultural, racial, and ethnic identity achievement
50
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is broken into 5 stage model which is?
physiological, safety, social (love & belonging), esteem, growth needs or self-actualizaation
51
what theory did John Bowlby define which develops withing the first 5 years of life?
Attachment theory
52
what are the 5 stages of group work in order?
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning
53
a psychological process where a person unconsciously adopts the beliefs, values, attitudes, or feelings of others, often without critically evaluating them or recognizing they are not inherently their own
introjection
54
a defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously replaces an unwanted or unacceptable thought, feeling, or impulse with its opposite.
Reaction formation
55
a defense mechanism in which an individual reverts to behaviors, thoughts, or emotional responses characteristic of an earlier stage of development when faced with stress, anxiety, or other psychological challenges.
Regression
56
a defense mechanism where distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories are pushed out of conscious awareness and stored in the unconscious mind.
Repression
57
what are the steps for crisis intervention?
Assess (brief biopsychological ) Rapport Identify problem Feelings - validate Cope - how they will Action plan Follow-Up
58
When tests questions ask Most/Best, what are they asking?
Meet client where they are at
59
when test questions ask Should/must, what are they asking?
conisder legal mandate and Code of Ethics
60

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