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human growth & development Flashcards

1
Q

who developed the 8 stage of development?

A

Eric Erikson

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2
Q

what stage. of human development is from birth to 1 year of age?

A

Trust vs mistrust

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3
Q

what stage of human development is between the ages of 1 and 3?

A

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

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4
Q

what stage of human development is between the ages of 3 and 6?

A

Initiative vs guilt

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5
Q

what stage of human development is between the ages of 6 to puberty?

A

industry vs inferiority

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6
Q

what stage of human development is during adolescence?

A

identity vs role confusion

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7
Q

what stage of human development is in young adulthood?

A

intimacy vs isolation

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8
Q

what stage of human development is during middle adulthood?

A

generativity vs stagnation

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9
Q

what stage of human development is as individuals grow older?

A

Ego Integrity vs Despair

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10
Q

what is enhanced when peaceful and safe environments withi neighborhoods and communities are created?

A

Social cohesion

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11
Q

what exists to the extent that individuals’ voices are expressed and heard?

A

social accountability

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12
Q

what are the 6 levels of cognitive development?

A
  1. Knowledge (rote memorization)
  2. comprehension (understanding)
  3. application (use of)
  4. Analysis (breaking down info)
  5. synthesis (combination of facts & ideas)
  6. evaluation (judging or forming an opinion
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13
Q

what are the three domains of learning?

A
  1. cognitive (knowledge)
  2. Affective (emotional area)
  3. Psychomotor (physical)
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14
Q

Who was the developmental psychologis best known for his theory of cognitive development?

A

Jean Piaget

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15
Q

who developed the theory of moral development (which parallels cognitive development)?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

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16
Q

what is the first major level and the stages in the theory of moral development?

A

Preconventional - before age 9 and has stages 1 & 2

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17
Q

what is the second major level and the stages in the theory of moral development?

A

Conventional - early adolescence and has stages 3 (person acts to gain approval from others) & 4 (obeys laws & fulfils duties)

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18
Q

what is the third major level and the stages in the theory of moral development?

A

Postconventional - adult and has stage 5 (interest in others) & 6 (guided by principles)

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19
Q

what is the conceptual framework that describes how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning?

A

Learning theory

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20
Q

What are the 4 orientations of learning theory and who are the theorists?

A
  1. Behaviorist (Pavlov, Skinner)
  2. Cognitive (Piaget)
  3. Humanistic (Maslow)
  4. Social/Situational (Bandura)
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21
Q

Which learning theory is viewed through change in behavior & stimuli in the external environment? Social workers aim to change the external environment in order to bring about desired change.

A

Behaviorist pg 61

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22
Q

Which learning theory is viewed through internal mental processes? Social workers develop opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve learning.

A

Cognitive

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23
Q

Which learning theory is viewed as a person’s activities aimed at reaching his full potential? SW develops the whole person

A

Humanistic

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24
Q

Which learning theory devlops learning between people and their environment? SW establish opportunities for conversation and participation to occur

A

Social/Situational

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25
Q

what are the two classes of behavior?

A

respondent and operant

26
Q

which class of behavior is involuntary behavior that is automatically elicited by certain behavior? A stimuls elicits a response (ex, anxiety)

A

Respondent

27
Q

which class of behavior is voluntary behavior that is controlled by its consequences in the environment? (ex walking, talking)

A

operant

28
Q

respondent or classical conditioning is used by what theorist?

A

Pavlov

29
Q

operant conditioning is used by what theorist?

A

BF Skinner)

30
Q

unconditioned stimulus leads to unconditional response
unconditioned stimulus + Conditioned stimulus leads to unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus leads to conditioned response

A

respondent or classical conditioning

31
Q

antecedent leads to response/behavior which leads to consequences

A

Operant conditioning

32
Q

the operant technique that increases probability that behavior will occur by rewarding positive behavior

A

positive reinforcement

33
Q

the operant technique that says behavior increases because of aversive stimulus is removed

A

negative reinforcement

34
Q

the operant technique that presents an undesirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing that behavior such as hitting

A

positive punishment

35
Q

the operant technique that removes the desirable stimulus following a behavior the purpose of decreasing that behavior (take away a dessert)

A

negative punishment

36
Q

Behavioral term: treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or behavior by repeated pairig of it with an aversive stimulus (antabuse)

A

Aversion therapy

37
Q

Behavior training program that teaches a person how to control certain functions such as heart rate, muscular tension. Useful for ADHD, Anxiety

A

biofeedback

38
Q

a behavior term: withoulding a reinforcer that normally follows a behavior. behavior that fails to produce reinforcement will eventually cease

A

extinction

39
Q

a treatment procedure in which a client’s anxiety is extinguished by prologed real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli

A

flooding

40
Q

pairing and movement through a hierarchy of anxiety, from lest to most provoking situations; takes place in real setting

A

In vivo desensitization

41
Q

method of instruction that involves demonstrating

A

modeling

42
Q

a cognitive theory where a SW changes a client’s irrational beliefs by argumental, rational reevaluation and by teaching

A

rational emotive therapy (RET) page 64

43
Q

method used to train a new behavior by prompting and reinforcing successive approximations fo the desired behavior

A

shaping

44
Q

anxiety producing stimulus is paired with relaxation producing responses so tht eventually the anxiety produces relaxation

A

systematic desensitization

45
Q

removal or something desirable - negative punishment technique

A

time out

46
Q

a client receives tokens as reinforcement for performing specific behaviors

A

token economy

47
Q

refers to the idea that one is a member of a particular cultural, national, or racial group

A

ethnicity

48
Q

the identity of a group or culture of an individual who is influenced by their self-identification with that group

A

cultural identity

49
Q

what is the 3 stage model for adolescent cultural and ethnic identity development?

A

first stage is unexamined cultural, racial, and ethnic identity - characterized by lack of exploration
2nd stage - cultural, racial, and ethnic identity search (questioning)
3rd stage - cultural, racial, and ethnic identity achievement

50
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is broken into 5 stage model which is?

A

physiological, safety, social (love & belonging), esteem, growth needs or self-actualizaation

51
Q

what theory did John Bowlby define which develops withing the first 5 years of life?

A

Attachment theory

52
Q

what are the 5 stages of group work in order?

A

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning

53
Q

a psychological process where a person unconsciously adopts the beliefs, values, attitudes, or feelings of others, often without critically evaluating them or recognizing they are not inherently their own

A

introjection

54
Q

a defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously replaces an unwanted or unacceptable thought, feeling, or impulse with its opposite.

A

Reaction formation

55
Q

a defense mechanism in which an individual reverts to behaviors, thoughts, or emotional responses characteristic of an earlier stage of development when faced with stress, anxiety, or other psychological challenges.

A

Regression

56
Q

a defense mechanism where distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories are pushed out of conscious awareness and stored in the unconscious mind.

A

Repression

57
Q

what are the steps for crisis intervention?

A

Assess (brief biopsychological )
Rapport
Identify problem
Feelings - validate
Cope - how they will
Action plan
Follow-Up

58
Q

When tests questions ask Most/Best, what are they asking?

A

Meet client where they are at

59
Q

when test questions ask Should/must, what are they asking?

A

conisder legal mandate and Code of Ethics

60
Q
A

aswb (1 decks)

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