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NCE Prep > Human Growth & Development > Flashcards

Human Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erikson’s stages are…

A. Psychometric
B. Psychodiagnostic
C. Psychopharmacological
D. Psychosocial

A

D. Psychosocial

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2
Q

In Freud’s psychodynamic theory, instincts are emphasized. Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists…

A. Emphasize id processes
B. Refute the concept of the superego
C. Believe in man’s power of reasoning to control behavior
D. Are sometimes known as radical behaviorists

A

C. Believe in man’s power of reasoning to control behavior.

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3
Q

The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire lifespan was…

A. Erik Erikson
B. Milton H. Erickson
C. AA Brill
D. Jean Piaget

A

A. Erik Erikson

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4
Q

The statement, “the ego is dependent on the id” would most likely reflect the work of…

A. Erik Erikson
B. Sigmond Freud
C. Jay Haley
D. Arnold Lazurus, William Perry, & Robert Kegan

A

B. Sigmond Freud

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5
Q

Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to 4 is…

A. Formal operations, concrete operations, preoperations, sensorimotor
B. Formal operations, preoperations, concrete operations, sensorimotor
C. Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
D. Concrete operations, sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations

A

C. Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations

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6
Q

Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research because…

A. He utilized the t test too frequently
B. He failed to check for Type 1 (alpha errors)
C. He worked primarily with minority children
D. His findings were often derived from observing his own children.

A

D. His findings were often derived from observing his own children.

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7
Q

A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered…

A. Symbolic schema
B. Conservation
C. Androgynous psychosocial issues
D. Trust vs Mistrust

A

B. Conservation

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8
Q

In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to…

A. Volume or mass
B. Defenses of the ego
C. The sensorimotor intelligence stage
D. A specific psychosexual stage of life

A

A. Volume or mass

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9
Q

A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as…

A. Formal operations (12+ years)
B. Concrete operations (7-11 years)
C. Preoperations (2-7 years)
D. Sensorimotor (birth-2 years)

A

B. Concrete operations (7-11 years)

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10
Q

__________ expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development.

A. Erik Erikson
B. Lev Vygotsky
C. Lawrence Kohlberg
D. John B Watson

A

C. Lawrence Kohlberg

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11
Q

According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversability in the third stage, known as concrete operations. This notion suggests…

A. That heavier objects are more difficult to lift
B. That the child is ambidextrious
C. That the child is more cognizant of mass than weight
D. That one can undo an action (hence an object can return to its initial shape)

A

D. That one can undo an action (hence an object can return to its initial shape)

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12
Q

During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought says, “the rain is following me.” This is an example of…

A. Egocentrism
B. Conservation
C. Centration
D. Abstract thought

A

A. Egocentrism

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13
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg suggested…

A. A single level of morality
B. Two levels of morality
C. Three levels of morality
D. Preoperational thought as the basis for all morality

A

C. Three levels of morality

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14
Q

The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg’s theory as…

A. A brick is to a house
B. Freud is to Jung
C. The Menninger Clinic is to biofeedback
D. A typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered

A

D. A typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered

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15
Q

The term identity crisis comes from the work of…

A. Counselors who stress RS involvement issues with clients
B. Erikson
C. Adler
D. Jung

A

B. Erikson

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16
Q

Kohlberg’s three levels of morality are…

A. Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
B. Formal, preformal, self-accepted
C. Self-accepted, other-directed, authority-directed
D. Preconventional, formal, authority-directed

A

A. Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

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17
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust is…

A. An Adlerian notion of morality
B. Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development
C. Essentially equivalent to Piaget’s concept of egocentrism
D. The basis of morality according to Kohlberg

A

B. Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development

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18
Q

A person who has successfully mastered Erikson’s first seven stages would be ready to enter his 8th (final) stage…

A. Generativity vs stagnation
B. Initative vs guilt
C. Identity crisis of the later years
D. Integrity vs despair

A

D. Integrity vs despair

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19
Q

In Kohlberg’s first (preconventional) level, the individual’s moral behavior is guided by…

A. Psychosexual urges
B. Consequences
C. Periodic fugue states
D. Counterconditioning

A

B. Consequences

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20
Q

Kohlberg’s second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by…

A. Psychosexual urges
B. A desire to live up to society’s expectations
C. A desire to conform
D. B & C

A

D. B & C

A desire to live up to society’s expectations & a desire to conform

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21
Q

Kohlberg’s highest level of morality is termed postconventional morality. Here the individual…

A. Must truly contend with psychosexual urges
B. Has the so called good boy/good girl orientation
C. Has self-imposed morals and ethics
D. A & B

A

C. Has self-imposed morals and ethics

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22
Q

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, level 3, which is postconventional or self-accepted moral principles…

A. Refers to the naive hedonism stage
B. Operates on the premise that rewards guide morals
C. A & B
D. Is the highest level of morality, however, some people never reach it.

A

D. Is the highest level of morality, however, some people never reach it.

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23
Q

The zone of proximal development…

A. Was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky
B. Was pioneered by Jean Piaget & Lawrence Kohlberg
C. Emphasized organ inferiority
D. A, B, & C

A

A. Was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky

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24
Q

Freud & Erikson…

A. Could be classified as behaviorists
B. Could be classified as maturationists
C. Agreed that developmental stages are psychosexual
D. Were prime movers in the DBT movement

A

B. Could be classified as maturationists

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25
Q

John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with…

A. The work of psychologist & pediatrician, Arnold Gesell, a maturationist
B. Developmental stage theories
C. Bonding & attachment
D. The unconscious mind

A

C. Bonding & attachment

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26
Q

In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur?

A. Generativity vs stagnation
B. Integrity vs despair
C. A & B
D. Erikson’s stages do not address midlife issues

A

A. Generativity vs stagnation

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27
Q

The researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is…

A. Harry Harlow
B. John Bowlby
C. Lawrence Kohlberg
D. All of the above

A

A. Harry Harlow

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28
Q

The statement “Males are better than females when performing mathmatical calculations” is…

A. False
B. True due to genetics
C. True only in middle age men
D. True according to research by Eleanor Maccoby & Carol Jacklin

A

D. True according to research by Eleanor Maccoby & Carol Jacklin

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29
Q

The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is…

A. Actually the major theme in all of Erikson’s eight stages
B. Generativity vs stagnation (35 to 60 years)
C. Intimacy vs Isolation (23 to 34 years)
D. A critical factor which Erikson fails to mention

A

C. Intimacy vs Isolation (23 to 34 years)

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30
Q

We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely conform to peers?

A. A 19-year-old male college student
B. A 23-year-old male drummer in a rock band
C. A 57-year-old female stockbroker
D. A 13-year-old male middle school student

A

D. A 13-year-old male middle school student

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31
Q

In Harry Harlow’s experiments with baby monkeys…

A. A wire surrogate mother was favored by most young monkeys over a terry-cloth version
B. The baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire version
C. Female monkeys had a tendency to drink large quantities of alcohol
D. Male monkeys had a tendency to drink large quantities of alcohol

A

B. The baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire version

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32
Q

Freud postulated the psychosexual stages:

A. Id, ego, superego
B. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
C. Eros, thanatos, regression, and superego
D. Manifest, latent, oral, and phallic

A

B. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

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33
Q

In adolescence…

A. Females commit suicide more than males
B. Suicide is a concern but statistically very rare
C. The teens who talk about suicide are not serious
D. Males commit suicide more often than females, but females attempt suicide more often

A

D. Males commit suicide more often than females, but females attempt suicide more often

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34
Q

In the general US population…

A. The suicide rate is 2/100,000
B. Suicide occurs at the beginning of a depressive episode, but rarely after the depression lifts
C. Suicide rates tend to increase with age
D. Suicide occurs at the beginning of a depressive episode, but rarely after the depression lifts, and suicide rates tend to increase with age.

A

C. Suicide rates tend to increase with age

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35
Q

The fear of death…

A. Is greatest during middle age
B. Is an almost exclusively male phenomenon
C. Is the number one psychiatric problem in the geriatric years
D. Surprisingly enough occurs in the teen years

A

A. Is greatest during middle age

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36
Q

In Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor…

A. In the preconscious mind
B. In the mind of the child in latency
C. Which evolves primarily during the oral stage
D. A & B

A

C. Which evolves primarily during the oral stage

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37
Q

When comparing girls to boys, it could be noted that, in general…

A. Girls grow up to smile more
B. Girls are using more feeling words by age 2
C. Girls are better able to read people without verbal cues at any age
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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38
Q

The Freudian developmental stage which “least” emphasizes sexuality is…

A. Oral
B. Anal
C. Phallic
D. Latency

A

D. Latency

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39
Q

In terms of parenting young children…

A. Boys are punished more than girls
B. Girls are punished more than boys
C. Boys and girls are treated in a similar fashion
D. Boys show more empathy toward others

A

A. Boys are punished more than girls

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40
Q

When developmental theorists speak of nature or nurture, they really mean…

A. How much heredity or environment interact to influence development
B. That focus is skewed in favor of biological attributes.
C. A & B
D. A theory proposed by B. F. Skinner’s colleagues

A

A. How much heredity or environment interact to influence development

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41
Q

Stage theorists assume…

A. Qualitative changes between stages occur
B. Differences surely exist but usually can’t be measured
C. That humanistic psychology is the only model which truly supports the stage viewpoint
D. B & C

A

A. Qualitative changes between stages occur

42
Q

Development…

A. Begins at birth
B. Begins during the first trimester of pregnancy
C. Is a continuous process that begins at conception
D. A & C

A

C. Is a continuous process that begins at conception

43
Q

Development is cephalocaudal, which means…

A. Foot to head
B. Head to foot
C. Limbs recieve the highest level of nourishment
D. B & C

A

B. Head to foot

44
Q

Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring and…

A. Assumes the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes
B. Assumes that heredity characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes
C. Assumes that genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

45
Q

Piaget’s final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage…

A. Abstract thinking emerges
B. Problems can be solved using deduction
C. A & B
D. The child has mastered abstract thinking but still feels helpless

A

C. A & B

Abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction

46
Q

Kohlberg lists ________ stages of moral development which fall into ________ levels

A. 6; 3
B. 6; 6
C. 3; 6
D. 3; 3

A

A. 6; 3

47
Q

A person who lives by his or her individual conscience and universal ethical principles…

A. Has, according to Kohlberg, reached the highest stage of moral development
B. Is in the preconventional level
C. Is in the postconventional level of self-accepted moral principles
D. A & C

A

D. A & C

Has, according to Kohlberg, reached the highest stage of moral development and is in the postconventional level of self-accepted moral principles

48
Q

Freud’s Oedipus complex…

A. Is the stage in which fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite sex parent occur
B. Occurs during the phallic stage
C. A & B
D. Is a concept Freud ultimately eliminated from his theory

A

C. A & B

Is the stage in which fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite sex parent occur and occurs during the phallic stage

49
Q

In girls, the Oedipus complex may be referred to as…

A. Systematic desensitization
B. Covert desensitization
C. In vivo desensitization
D. The Electra Complex

A

D. The Electra Complex

50
Q

The correct order of the Freudian psychosexual or libidinal stages is:

A. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
B. Oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency
C. Oral, phallic, latency, genital, anal
D. Phallic, genital, latency, oral, anal

A

A. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

51
Q

Eleanor Gibson researched the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing…

A. Piaget’s concept of convservation
B. Erikson’s trust vs mistrust paradigm
C. Piaget’s formal operations
D. An apparatus known as a visual cliff

A

D. An apparatus known as a visual cliff

52
Q

Theorists who believe that development merely consists of quantitative changes are often referred to as…

A. Organismic theorists
B. Statistical developmentalists
C. Empiricists
D. All of the above

A

C. Empiricists

53
Q

An empiricist view of development would be…

A. Psychometric
B. Behavioristic
C. Against the use of formal statistical testing
D. A & C

A

B. Behavioristic

54
Q

In the famous experiment by Harry Harlow, frightened monkeys raised via cloth and wire mothers…

A. Showed marked borderline personality traits
B. Surprisingly enough became quite friendly
C. Demonstrated a distinct lack of emotion
D. Ran over and clung to the cloth and wire surrogate mothers

A

D. Ran over and clung to the cloth and wire surrogate mothers

55
Q

A theorist who views developmental changes as quantitative is said to be an empiricist. The antitthesis of this position holds that developmental strides are qualitative. What is the name given to this position?

A. Behaviorism
B. Organicism
C. Statistical developmentalism
D. All of the above

A

B. Organicism

56
Q

In Piaget’s developmental theory, reflexes play the greatest role in the…

A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Formal operational stage
C. Preoperational stage
D. Aquisition of conservation

A

A. Sensorimotor stage

57
Q

A mother hides a toy behind her back and a young child does not believe the toy exists anymore. The child has not mastered…

A. Object permanence
B. Reflexive response
C. Representational thought
D. A & C

A

D. A & C

Object permanence and representational thought

58
Q

The schema of permanency and consistency of objects occurs in the…

A. Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)
B. Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years)
C. Concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years)
D. Formal operational stage (12+ years)

A

A. Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)

59
Q

John Bowlby has asserted that…

A. Attachment is not instinctual
B. Attachment is best explained via the Skinnerian principle
C. A & B
D. Conduct disorders and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood.

A

D. Conduct disorders and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood.

60
Q

The Harlow experiments utilizing monkeys demonstrated that animals placed in isolation during the first few months of life…

A. Still developed in a normal fashion
B. Still related very well with animals reared normally
C. Appeared to be autistic
D. Were fixated in concrete operational thought patterns

A

C. Appeared to be autistic

61
Q

According to the Freudians, if a child is severely traumatized, he or she may ______ a given psychosexual stage.

A. Skip
B. Become fixated at
C. Ignore
D. A & C

A

B. Become fixated at

62
Q

An expert who has reviewed the literature on videos and violence would conclude that…

A. Watching violence tends to make children more aggressive
B. Watching violence tends to make children less aggressive
C. Reality TV shows or videos have no impact on a child’s behavior
D. What adults see as violent, children perceive as caring

A

A. Watching violence tends to make children more aggressive

63
Q

A counselor who utilizes the term instinctual technically means…

A. Behavior results from unconscious aggression
B. Women will show the behavior to a higher degree than men
C. A & B
D. Behavior that manifests itself in all normal members of a given species

A

D. Behavior that manifests itself in all normal members of a given species

64
Q

The word ethology, which is often associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz, refers to…

A. Piaget’s famous case study methodology
B. The study of animals’ behavior in their natural environment
C. Studies on monkeys raised in Skinnerian air cribs
D. All of the above

A

B. The study of animals’ behavior in their natural environment

65
Q

A child who focuses exclusively on a clown’s red nose but ignores the clown’s other features would be illustrating the Piagetian concept of…

A. Egocentrism
B. Centration
C. Formal abstract reasoning
D. Deductive processes

A

B. Centration

66
Q

Piaget felt…

A. That homework depresses the elementary child’s IQ
B. Strongly that the implementation of Glasser’s concepts in “Schools Without Failure” should be made mandatory in all elementary settings
C. That teachers should lecture a minimum of 4 hours daily
D. That teachers should lecture less, as children in concrete operations learn best via their own actions and experimentation

A

D. That teachers should lecture less, as children in concrete operations learn best via their own actions and experimentation

67
Q

Piaget’s preoperational stage…

A. Is the final stage, which includes abstract reasoning
B. Includes mastering conservation
C. Includes the aquisition of a symbolic schema
D. All of the above

A

C. Includes the aquisition of a symbolic schema

68
Q

Sigmond Freud and Erik Erikson agreed that…

A. Each developmental stage needed to be resolved before an individual could move on to the next stage
B. Developmental stages are primarily psychosexual
C. Developmental stages are primarily psychosocial
D. A person can proceed to a higher stage even if a lower stage is unsolved

A

A. Each developmental stage needed to be resolved before an individual could move on to the next stage

69
Q

The tendency for adult females in the United States to wear high heels is best explained by…

A. The principle of negative reinforcement
B. Sex-role socialization
C. Lorenz’s studies on imprinting
D. Ethological data

A

B. Sex-role socialization

70
Q

The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment, best describes the work of…

A. Freud
B. Adler
C. Erikson
D. Bowlby

A

D. Bowlby

71
Q

A counselor who is seeing a 15-year-old boy who is not doing well in public speaking class would need to keep in mind that…

A. In general, boys possess better verbal skills than girls
B. In general, girls posess better verbal skills than boys
C. In general, boys have better visual-perceptual skills and are more active and aggressive than girls
D. B & C

A

D. B & C

In general, girls posess better verbal skills than boys AND in general, boys have better visual-perceptual skills and are more active and aggressive than girls

72
Q

Two brothers begin screaming at each other during a family counseling session. The term that best describes the phenomenon is…

A. The primal scene
B. Preconscious psychic processes
C. Sibling rivalry
D. BASIC-ID

A

C. Sibling rivalry

73
Q

A preschool child’s concept of causality is said to be animistic. This means the child attributes human characteristics to inanimate objects. Thus, the child may fantasize that an automobile or a rock is talking to him. This concept is best related to…

A. Jung’s concepts of anima, animus
B. Freud’s wish fulfillment
C. Piaget’s preoperational period (2 to 7 yrs)
D. Ego identity

A

C. Piaget’s preoperational period (2 to 7 yrs)

74
Q

Elementary school counseling and guidance services…

A. Have been popular since the early 1900s
B. Became popular during WWII
C. Are a fairly new development which did not begin to gain momentum until the 1960s
D. None of the above

A

C. Are a fairly new development which did not begin to gain momentum until the 1960s

75
Q

Research related to elementary school counselors indicates that…

A. Counselors of this ilk work hard, but just don’t seem to have an impact on youngsters’ lives
B. These counselors are effective, do make a difference in children’s lives, and more counselors should be employed
C. Counselors of this ilk could be helpful if they would engage in more consultation work
D. These counslors should be used primarily as disciplinarians, but this is not happening in most districts

A

B. These counselors are effective, do make a difference in children’s lives, and more counselors should be employed

76
Q

According to the Yale research by Daniel J Levinson…

A. Erikson’s generativity vs stagnation stage simply doesn’t exist
B. 80% of men in the study experienced moderate to severe midlife crises
C. An “age 30” crisis occurs in men when they feel it will soon be too late to make later changes
D. B & C

A

D. B & C

80% of men in the study experienced moderate to severe midlife crises AND an “age 30” crisis occurs in men when they feel it will soon be too late to make later changes

77
Q

Erikson’s middle-age stage (35-60) is known as generativity vs stagnation. Generativity refers to…

A. The ability to do creative work or raise a family
B. The opposite of stagnation
C. The productive ability to create a career, family, and leisure time
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

78
Q

A person can look back on his or her life with few regrets feels…

A. The burden of senile psychosis
B. Ego-integrity in Erikson’s integrity vs despair stage
C. Despair, which is the sense that he or she has wasted life’s precious opportunities
D. The burden of generalized anxiety disorder as described in DSM

A

B. Ego-integrity in Erikson’s integrity vs despair stage

79
Q

Sensorimotor is to Piaget as oral is to Freud, and as ______ is to Erikson.

A. Integrity vs despair
B. Kohlberg
C. Trust vs Mistrust
D. Play therapy

A

C. Trust vs Mistrust

80
Q

Which theorist was most concerned with maternal deprivation?

A. A Lazarus
B. H Harlow
C. J Wolpe
D. A Ellis

A

B. H Harlow

81
Q

When development comes to a halt, counselors say that the client…

A. Has “learned helplessness” syndrome
B. Suffers from a phobia
C. Suffers from fixation
D. Is displaying the risky shift phenomenon

A

C. Suffers from fixation

82
Q

Kohlberg proposed three levels of morality. Freud, on the other hand, felt morality developed from the…

A. Superego
B. Ego
C. Id
D. Eros

A

A. Superego

83
Q

Which theorist would most likely say that aggression is an inborn tendency?

A. Carl Rogers
B. Skinner
C. Frank Parsons
D. Konrad Lorenz

A

D. Konrad Lorenz

84
Q

The statement, “bad behavior is punished, good behavior is not” is most closely associated with…

A. Kohlberg’s premoral stage at the preconventional level
B.Kohlberg’s conventional level
C. The work of Carl Jung
D. Piaget’s autonomous stage, which begins at about age 8.

A

A. Kohlberg’s premoral stage at the preconventional level

85
Q

A critical period…

A. Makes imprinting possible
B. Emphasizes manifest dream content
C. Signifies a special time when a behavior must be learned or it wont be learned at all
D. A and C

A

D. A and C

Makes imprinting possible AND signifies a special time when a behavior must be learned or it wont be learned at all

86
Q

Imprinting—rapid learning during a critical period of development—is an instinct in which a newborn will follow a moving object. The primary work in this area was done by…

A. Erik Erikson
B. Milton H Erikson
C. Konrad Lorenz
D. Harry Harlow

A

C. Konrad Lorenz

87
Q

Marital satisfaction…

A. Is usually highest when a child is old enough to leave home
B. Often decreases with parenthood and often improves after a child leaves home
C. Correlates high with performance IQ
D. Is highest among couples who have 7 or more college-educated children

A

B. Often decreases with parenthood and often improves after a child leaves home

88
Q

Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, is famous for his hierarchy of needs, which postulates…

A. Lower-order psysiological and saftey needs and higher-order needs such as self-actualization
B. That psychopathology rests within the id
C. That unconscious drives control self-actualization
D. That stimulus-response (s-r) psychology dictates behavioral attributes

A

A. Lower-order psysiological and saftey needs and higher-order needs such as self-actualization

89
Q

To research the dilemma of self-actualization, Maslow…

A. Used goslings as did Konrad Lorenz
B. Psychoanalyzed over 400 neurotics
C. Worked exclusively with schizophrenics in residential settings
D. Interviewed the best people he could find who escaped “the psychology of the average”

A

D. Interviewed the best people he could find who escaped “the psychology of the average”

90
Q

Piaget is…

A. A maturationist
B. A Behaviorist
C. A structuralist who believes stage changes are qualitative
D. Cognitive-behavioral

A

C. A structuralist who believes stage changes are qualitative

91
Q

______ factors cause Down syndrome, the most common type known as trisomy 21.

A. Environmental
B. Genetic
C. Chemical Dependency
D. Unconscious

A

B. Genetic

92
Q

Piaget referred to the act of taking in new information as assimilation. This results in acoomodation, which is a modification of the child’s cognitive structures (schemas) to deal with the new information. In Piagetian nomenclature, the balance between assimilation and accomadation is called…

A. Counterbalancing
B. Equilibrium
C. Balance Theory
D. ABA design

A

B. Equilibrium

93
Q

There are behavioral, structural, and maturational theories of development. The maturational viewpoint utilizes the plant growth analogy, in which the mind is seen as being driven by instincts while the environment provides nourishment, thus placing limits on development. Counselors who are maturationists…

A. Conduct therapy in the here and now
B. Focus primarily on non-verbal behavior
C. Believe group work is most effective
D. Allow clients to work through early conflicts

A

D. Allow clients to work through early conflicts

94
Q

Ritualistic behaviors, which are common to all memebers of a species, are known as…

A. Hysteria
B. Pica
C. Fixed-action patterns elicited by sign stimuli
D. Dysfunctional repetition

A

C. Fixed-action patterns elicited by sign stimuli

95
Q

Robert Kegan speaks of a “holding environment” in counseling in which…

A. The client is urged to relive a traumatic experience in an encounter group
B. Biofeedback training is highly recommended
C. The client can make new meaning in the face of crisis and can find new direction
D. The activity of meaning making is discouraged

A

C. The client can make new meaning in the face of crisis and can find new direction

96
Q

Most experts in the field of counseling agree that…

A. No one theory completely explains developmental processes; thus counselors ought to be familiar with all the major theories
B. Eriksonian theory should be used by counselors practicing virtually any modality
C. A counselor who incorporates Piaget’s stages into his or her thinking would not necessarily need knowledge of rival thereuptic viewpoints
D. A realistic counselor needs to pick one developmental theory in the same manner that he or she picks a psychothereputic persuasion

A

A. No one theory completely explains developmental processes; thus counselors ought to be familiar with all the major theories

97
Q

Equilibrium is…

A. A term which encompasses the equality between the sexes
B. Performed via the id according to Freudians
C. A synonym for concrete operational thought
D. The balance between what one takes in (assimilation) and that which is changed (accomodation)

A

D. The balance between what one takes in (assimilation) and that which is changed (accomodation)

98
Q

A counselor is working with a family who just lost everything in a fire. The counselor will ideally focus on…

A. Maslow’s higher-order needs, such as self-actualization
B. Building accurate empathy of family members
C. Maslow’s lower-order needs, such as physiological and safety needs
D. The identified patient

A

C. Maslow’s lower-order needs, such as physiological and safety needs

99
Q

The anal retentive personality is…

A. Charitable
B. Stingy
C. Kind
D. Thinks very little about money matters

A

B. Stingy

100
Q

From a Freudian perspective, a client who has a problem with alcoholism and excessive smoking would be…

A. Considered an oral character
B. Considered an anal character
C. Considered a genital character
D. Fixated at the latency stage

A

A. Considered an oral character

NCE Prep (9 decks)

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