Human Growth and Development Flashcards
The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the ______________.
pleasure principle
________________ of behavior is accomplished by rewarding successive approximations of the desired behavior.
Shaping
The causation, or _______________ of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases.
etiology
An individual who has achieved _______________________ is happy, autonomous, and creative.
self actualization
According to Rogers, ________________ from parents is necessary for children to develop healthy self concepts.
unconditional positive regard
A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses is ___________________.
Classical conditioning
In behavior modification, use continuous __________________ to establish a new behavior.
reinforcement
The designations, “common”, “personal”, and “cardinal” refer to _________________.
Trait Theory
In the ____________________, individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment.
Contextual worldview
Freud believed that human behavior is primarily motivated by the psychosexual energy he called __________________.
libido
Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response is _________________.
Counterconditioning
Kelly’s concept of ____________________ alludes to the idea that there are many different ways of interpreting events, each interpretation leading to different behaviors.
Constructive alternativism
___________________ is a severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality.
Psychosis
The process of developmental and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning is ____________________.
maturation
Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed _________________ of the desired behavior.
modeling
The unpleasantness of ____________________ motivated individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure.
Cognitive dissonance
Individuals use _____________________ to maintain their feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than cope directly with a stressful situation.
defense mechanisms
A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the ___________________ experienced by an agoraphobic client.
anxiety
Skinner believes that the social environment provides a wide variety of ___________________.
consequences
Patterns of __________________ may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin.
abnormal behavior
In Jung’s theory, ____________________ is the tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance.
introversion
Behavior modification programs in schools or group homes often use __________________ to motivate participants.
token economy
The ________________________ approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual’s perception of reality.
phenomenological
The ___________________________ emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior.
biological viewpoint
Through ___________________________, undesirable behavior may be eliminated.
extinction
Use of the family constellation
Adler
All port
traits and values
Bandura
vicarious conditioning
Cattell
16 Personality Factor questionnaire
Erikson
stage theory of development
Festinger
cognitive dissonance
Jung
introversion-extroversion
