Human Growth and Development Flashcards
The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the ______________.
pleasure principle
________________ of behavior is accomplished by rewarding successive approximations of the desired behavior.
Shaping
The causation, or _______________ of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases.
etiology
An individual who has achieved _______________________ is happy, autonomous, and creative.
self actualization
According to Rogers, ________________ from parents is necessary for children to develop healthy self concepts.
unconditional positive regard
A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses is ___________________.
Classical conditioning
In behavior modification, use continuous __________________ to establish a new behavior.
reinforcement
The designations, “common”, “personal”, and “cardinal” refer to _________________.
Trait Theory
In the ____________________, individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment.
Contextual worldview
Freud believed that human behavior is primarily motivated by the psychosexual energy he called __________________.
libido
Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response is _________________.
Counterconditioning
Kelly’s concept of ____________________ alludes to the idea that there are many different ways of interpreting events, each interpretation leading to different behaviors.
Constructive alternativism
___________________ is a severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality.
Psychosis
The process of developmental and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning is ____________________.
maturation
Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed _________________ of the desired behavior.
modeling
The unpleasantness of ____________________ motivated individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure.
Cognitive dissonance
Individuals use _____________________ to maintain their feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than cope directly with a stressful situation.
defense mechanisms
A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the ___________________ experienced by an agoraphobic client.
anxiety
Skinner believes that the social environment provides a wide variety of ___________________.
consequences
Patterns of __________________ may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin.
abnormal behavior
In Jung’s theory, ____________________ is the tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance.
introversion
Behavior modification programs in schools or group homes often use __________________ to motivate participants.
token economy
The ________________________ approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual’s perception of reality.
phenomenological
The ___________________________ emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior.
biological viewpoint
