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CPCE Study > Human Growth and Development > Flashcards

Human Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Vocabulary

Psychometric

A

mental testing or measurements

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2
Q

Vocabulary

Psychodiagnostic

A

the study of personality through interpretation of behavior or non-verbal cues

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3
Q

Vocabulary

Psychopharmacology

A

Studies the effects that medications or drugs have on psychological functions

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4
Q

Vocabulary

Psychosocial

A

Focuses on social relationships

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5
Q

Vocabulary

Psychodynamic

A

Focuses on unconscious process rather than cognitive factors when counseling clients

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6
Q

Freud

Theory

A

Structure of the human mind

-Stages of Psychosexual Development
-Mechanisms that drive behavior

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7
Q

Freud

Stages of Development

A

O: oral (birth - 1 y/o): primary source of interaction and pleasure
A: anal (1 - 3 y/o): focuses on the bowel and bladder
P: phallic (3 - 6 y/o): focuses on the genitalia
L: latency (6y/o - Puberty): sexual feelings are dormant
G: genitals (Puberty onward): mature sexual feelings develop

Mnemonic -OAPLG: “Old Ass People Love Gold”

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8
Q

Vocabulary

Fixation

A

having attachments to people or things that persist from childhood to adulthood

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9
Q

Freud Stages of Development

Oral Stage (0-1y/o)

Definition and Fixation

A

Definition: the mouth is the primary source of pleasure.
-Sucking, biting, and feeding

Fixation:weaning too early can lead to behaviors like overeating, smoking, or nail-biting

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10
Q

Freud Stage of Development

Anal Stage (1-3y/o)

Definition and Fixation

A

Definition:pleasure derived from controlling bowel and bladder movement
-toilet training

Fixation:can lead to being overly organized and clean (anal-retentive) or messy and disorganized (anal-explusive)

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11
Q

Freud Stage of Development

Phallic Stage (3-6 y/o)

Defintion and Fixation

A

Definition:focus on genital area. Children become aware of bodies and differences between boys and girls.

Key Concepts:Oedipus and Electra Complexes
* Oedipus: boys have a unconscious sexual desires for their mother and see their father as a rival
* Electra: girls desire their father and feeling rivalry with their mother

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12
Q

Freud Stage of Development

Latency Stage (6 years to Puberty)

Definition

A

Definition:sexual feelings are dormant during this stage. Children focus on developing skills, learning, and forming friendships.

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13
Q

Freud Stage of Developement

Genital Stage (Puberty Onward)

Definition

A

Definition:Focus returns to the genitals, but now sexual desires are directed towards others rather than oneself
-Signaling the maturation of sexual interest

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14
Q

Freud

Structual Model

A

Id: seat of sex and aggression (concerned only w/body)
Ego:logical, rational, power of reasoning and control
SuperEgo:moralistic and idealistic portion of the personality

Id: Pleasure
Ego: Reality
Superego: Morality

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15
Q

Freud

ID

Definition

A

Definition:unconcious part of the personality, seeking immediate gratification of instincts and desires
-Hunger, thirst, sex

Key Concept: Pleasure Principle

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16
Q

Freud

Ego

Definition

A

Definition:Rational, conscious part of personality that mediates between the desires of the id and the realities of the external world

Key Concept: Reality Principle

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17
Q

Freud

Superego

Definition

A

Definition:Moral part of the personality. Represents internalized societal norms and values.
-Strives for perfection and judges actions based off of right and wrong.

Key Concept: Morality Principle

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18
Q

Freud

Defense Mechanisms

A

When ego faces anxiety or internal conflict

-repression, denial, projection, displacement,sublimation,regression

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19
Q

Freud

Unconscious Mind

A

Influences behaviors (memories or desires)

-conscious, preconscious, unconscious

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20
Q

Freud

Oedipal

(Oedipus Complex)

A

phallic stage; feelings of desire for opposite-sex parent

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21
Q

Jung

Electra

A

girls feel desire for their fathers and jealousy of their mothers

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22
Q

Vocabulary

Libido

(The Id)

A

energy that drives human behavior and personality

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23
Q

Piaget

Stages of Development

A

S: Sensorimotor
P: Preoperational
C: Concrete operations
F: Formal operations

Mnemonic: SPCF - “Some People Can Fly”

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24
Q

Piaget Stage of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 y/o)

Definition

A

Definition: infants learn about the world through their senses and actions
-Looking, touching, grasping

Key Concept: Object Permanence

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25
Q

Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development

Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 y/o)

Definition

A

Definition: children begin to use language and think symbolically, but their thinking is still intutitive and egocentric

Key Concept: Egocentrism and Centration

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26
Q

Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development

Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 y/o)

Definition

A

Definition: Children develop logical thinking about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation

Key Concept: Conservation

27
Q

Piagets Stages of Development

Formal Operational Stage (12 y/o and up)

Definition

A

Definition: individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and use deductive reasoning

Key Concept: Abstract Thinking

28
Q

Vocabulary

Self-Concept

A

(person-centered) knowing one’s own tendencies, thoughts, preferences and habits, hobbies, skills and areas of weakness

29
Q

Vocabulary

Nature vs. Nurture

A

peoples development and behaviors
* nature: traits by biological or genetic makeup (heredity, genes, instincts)
* nurture: traits by physical and emotional environment (learning)

30
Q

Vocabulary

Tabula Rasa

A

“blank slate”: people are born without any innate mental content, and that all knowledge comes from sensory experiences and education

31
Q

Vocabulary

Plasticity

A

the nervous system changes and adapts in response to internal or external stimuli

32
Q

Vocabulary

Psychopathology

A

the study of mental and social disorders

33
Q

Vocabulary

Prevalence

A

proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period

34
Q

Vocabulary

Prognosis

A

the probability that one can recover from a condition

35
Q

Vocabulary

Etiology

A

the study of the causes of psychological disorders

36
Q

Vocabulary

Equinfinality

A

the idea that multiple pathwats can lead to the same outcome

37
Q

Vocabulary

Comorbidity

A

when one or more psychological disorders are found in a patient alongside their primary condition

38
Q

Vocabulary

Propinquity

A

the state of being close to someone or something they repeatedly encounter

39
Q

Vocabulary

Ego-dystonic

A

thoughts that are not in line with who we are and/or what we believe

40
Q

Vocabulary

Ego-Synthonic

A

something is in line with one’s values, identity, beliefs, and desires

41
Q

Vocabulary

Biopsychosocial History

George Engel

A

systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding healthy, illness, and health coere delivery

42
Q

Vocabulary

Hedonism

A

pursuit of pleasure

43
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

Levels of Moral Thinking

3 Levels / 6 Steps

A

Level 1: Pre-conventional (prior to age 9): reponses to consequences
* Obedience and punishment orientation
* Individualism and exchange

Level 2: Conventional: wants to meet the standards of family, society, and even the nation
* good boy/nice girl orientation
* law and order orientation

Level 3: Post-conventional: concerened with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity, and queality of human rights
* Social contract orientation
* Universal ethical principle orientation

44
Q

Carol Gilligan

Theory of Moral Development

A

Assistant to Lawrence Kohlberg
* emphasizes women’s perspectives

45
Q

Erik Erikson

8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy: 0-18months)
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood: 2-3 years old)
  3. Initative vs. Guilt (Pre-school: 3-5 years old)
  4. Industry vs. Interiority (School age: 6-11 years old)
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolesence: 12-18 years old)
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adult: 19-40 years old)
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood: 40-65 years old)
  8. Ego Identity vs. Dispair (Maturity: 65+)
46
Q

Jean Piaget

Cognitive Developmental Stages

A

1. Sensorimotor: (0-2 years old) object permanence
* basic reflexes, senses, motor responses

2. Pre-operational: (2-7 years old) symbolic thought
* skilled at pretend play; struggles with logic and point of view

3. Concrete operational: (7-11 years old) logical thought
* become better at thinking logically

4. Post-operational: (12 years and older) scientific reasoning
* Solution to problems and thinking scientifically

47
Q

Piaget

Piaget believed we inherited 2 tendencies

A

Adaptation: adjusting to the enviornment
Organization:the combining of behaviors into coherent systems

48
Q

Vocabulary

Schema

A

cognitive structure that helps people organize and interpret information with life expereince
* System that premits the child to test out things in the physical world

49
Q

Schema

4 Types of Schemas

A
  1. Person Schemas: focused on specific individuals
  2. Social Schemas:general knowledge about how peopl behave in certain social situations
  3. Self-Schemas:knowledge about self
  4. Event Schemas: patterns of behavior that should be followed for certain events
50
Q

Vocabulary

Adaptation

A

adjusting to new expereiences and information to function more effectively in the world

51
Q

Vocabulary

Assimilation

A

cognitive process of making new information fit with exisiting understanding

52
Q

Vocabulary

Accommodation

A

adjusting and modifying schemas to incorporate new infor or expereinces

53
Q

Vocabulary

Object Permanence

A

understanding that objects continue to exist even if they are not seen,heard,or touched

54
Q

Vocabulary

Centration

A

focusing on one aspect of a situation while ignoring other relevant aspects

55
Q

Vocabulary

Conservation

A

ability to understand that the quantity of an object remains the same even when its shape, size, or container changes

56
Q

Vocabulary

Abstract Scientific Thinking

A

Consider concepts and ideas that are not concrete or tied to physical objects or experiences

57
Q

Maslow

Heiarchy of Needs

A
  1. Self-Actualization
  2. Esteem
  3. Love and Belonging
  4. Safety
  5. Psychological Needs

Selfish Earl Loves Safety Pins

58
Q

Robert Havinghurst

Theory

A

developed the developmental task model. Stated that development is continuous and includes many tasks across 6 stages

59
Q

Havinghurst

6 Stages of Growth

A
  1. infancy and earlychildhood: learning to walk or eat solid foods
  2. middle childhood (6-12years old): learning to get along with peers or developing a conscience
  3. adolescence (12-18years old): preparing for marriage and an economic career
  4. early adulthood (19-30years old): selecting mate and starting family
  5. middle age (30-60years old): assisting teens to become responsible adults and developing leisture time activities
  6. maturity (60+ years old): dealing with death of a spouse and adjusting to retirement
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