Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Fraud’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erickson’s stages are
Psychosocial
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists
believe in man’s power of reasoning to control behavior
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was
Erik Erikson
The statement “the ego is dependent on the id” would most likely reflect the work of
Sigmund Freud, who created the psychodynamic theory
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
His findings were often derived from observing his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered
Conservation
In Piagetian literature, conversation would most likely refer to
Volume or mass
A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as
Concrete operations-ages 7-11 years
_________ expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests
One can undo an action, have an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape
During a thunderstorm, a 6 year old child in Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought (stage 2) says, “The rain is following me.” This is an example of
Egocentrism
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested
Three levels of mortality
The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg’s theory as
a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered.
The term identity crisis comes from the work of
Erikson
Kohlberg’s three levels of mortality
Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
Trust versus mistrust is
Ericsson’s first stage of psychosocial development
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson’s first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson’s final or eighth stage
Integrity versus despair
In Kohlberg’s first or preconventional level, the individual moral behavior is guided by
consequences
Kohlberg’s second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by
A desire to live up to society’s expectations and a desire to conform
Stage theorists assume
Qualitative changes between stages occur
Development
Is a continuous process which begins at conception
Development is cephalocaudal, which means
Head to foot
Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring and
Assumes the normal person has 23 pairs is chromosomes, assumes that heredity characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes, and assumes that genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code.
Piaget’s final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage
Abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction
Kohlberg list _______ stages of martial development which fall into _______ levels.
6, 3
A person who lives by his or her individual conscience and universal ethical principles
Has, according to Kohlberg, reached the highest stage of moral development
And
is in the postconventional level of self-accepted moral principles
Kohlberg’s highest level of mortality is termed B postconventional morality. Here the individual
Has self-imposed morals and ethics
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, level 3, which is postconventional or self-accepted moral principles,
Is the highest level of mortality. However some people never reach this level.
The zone of proximal development
Was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky
Freud and Erikson
Could be classified as maturationists
John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with
Developmental stage theorists
In which Eriksonian stage does the middle crisis occur?
Generativity versus stagnation
The researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is
Harry Harlow
The statement: “Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations” is
true according to research by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is
intimacy versus isolation-age 24-34 years
We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely conform to kids or her peers?
A 13 year old male middle school student.
