Human Geography KEY WORDS Flashcards
Rural area
An area of countryside
Urban area
A built up place, eg. A town or city
Rural to urban migration
The movement of people from the countryside to the city.
Brownfield site
An unused or derelict area of urban land that has been built on previously
greenfield site
An area of land that has not been built on before.
infrastructure
The basic structures needed for an area to function, for example roads and communications.
ethnic diversity
A variety of different ethnic groups.
economic
The generation and distribution of money through employers and employment
Region
A very large area of a country, Eg. North West on England
Migration
The movement of people from one area to another.
Emigration
Leaving ones country to settle permanently in another.
Immigration
The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Free trade
Trade within a group of countries or a region with no restrictions, Eg. The EU has a free trade where if countries from outside want to sell things cheaply to countries within the EU they are charged “tax”.
Globalisation
The process where the world is becoming interconnected as a result of increased trade and cultural exchange
Policies
A principle of action proposed by an organisation or group or individual.
Distribution
the action of sharing something out among a number of people
Cultural
the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a certain society.
Primary industry
mining, agriculture, or forestry. Examples of obtaining raw materials
Secondary industry
Manufacturing industry, for example changing raw materials into products.
Tertiary industry
The provision of services, eg. Shops, restaurants.
Quaternary industry
Research,development and infomation
Population density
The number of people living in a given area
Net migration
The difference between people moving into and the people moving out of a country
Natural increase
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
Conurbation
Where surrounding towns have merged with a city
Depopulation
When people are leaving an area
UK Government Policies to help Rural Areas…
Creating Enterprise Zones - that offer incentives, reduced taxes and job opportunities
Transport Link - trying to improve transport
EU Government Policies to help Rural Areas…
European Regional Development Fund - funds smaller businesses, broadband and creates jobs
Common Agricultural Policies - giving farmers money through subsidies
FDI (usually by TNC)
Type 1 - locating in a country
Type 2 - investing in a country
Increased due to Globalisation, Privatisation and Free Trade Policies
Positives of FDI
Jobs are created
Large scale projects can be built that the UK Government can’t afford
They develop new products, technology and business practices.
Negatives of FDI
It can lead to over reliance
Big effects if the TNCs choose to relocate or change suppliers
Local businesses struggle to compete against TNCs
