Human Geography case studies Flashcards
What major change in industry impacted London, specifically East London?
De-Industrialization
Why did the London Docklands decline?
It couldn’t handle containerization and wasn’t big enough.
What are the significant TNCs and cultural organisations based in East London?
Plexal, Salder’s wells, West Ham, London college fashion, V&A Musuem, BBC studio
What has been done to help East London?
Clean-up of water networks
London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC) established
Stratford International Train Station ,
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park development (includes East Village/houses)
Here East: Co-working space,
East Bank: cultural quarter (Sadler’s Wells, V&A Museum, BBC Studio, London College of Fashion)
What are the negatives of modernising East London?
Loss of industrial jobs due to decline of the London Docklands, Insufficient affordable housing from the redevelopment of the Athletes’ Village; much of it sold to private enterprises
What type of area is Bourton on the water?
A honey pot area
What affect does investment have in Bourton?
New businesses, new jobs=> new residents
How many visitors does Bourton get per year?
Around 300,000
Why has Bourton stayed the same?
To preserve genius loci, using local materials
What is the river that goes through Bourton giving its name?
Venice of the Cotsworlds, river windrush
What is the type of stone used in Bourton?
Cotswold limestone
Why is Bourton on the water famous?
Honeypot area, prehistoric materials used Roman and 17th century. Neolithic history
How many people does Walmart employ?
2.3 million
How many stores does Walmart have?
11,500 stores
How does Walmart use spatial organisation?
HQ in USA, however products are manufactured in lower countries where labour costs are lower( Bangladesh for textiles/China for electrical)
How has Walmart caused flows of money globally?
Investment into ASDA (horizontal integration) , Seiyu Japan, Best price India ,
How does Walmart benefit from spatial organisation?
Economies of scale and comparative advantage
What are the UN sustainable development goals?
end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity./ form of security
Was IAmsterdam top down or bottom up?
top-down-The campaign aimed to improve Amsterdam’s global brand and attract more tourism and business. Aim to change negative connotations
How has globalisation affected East London?
De-industrialisation,’, containerisation, development of Olympic village, decline of the docklands, manufacturing, development of Canary Wharf , Global financial hub , pexal, BBC. Infrastructure. Jubilee line , Eurostar. Olympic village/accommodation, high costs
How has globalisation affected Cardiff?
£2 billion redevelopment from docks to business/leisure hub
Attracts companies like BBC Wales; boosts tourism
Raises discussions on preserving Welsh heritage amidst global influences
What are the different ethnicities in Butetown?
65% non-white , 26% (Black/ Somali), 15% Arab (Somali)
What has the the Cardiff city council done in Butetown during the regeneration project?
£13 million spent on school buildings
Gentrification/ Atlantic wharf - £3 billion spent
Public infrastructure/ street lights etc..
Grants for ethnic community projects/ centres
What were the negatives of the Cardiff regeneration project on Butetown?
Very little done between 2000 and 2010, fail of top down rebranding => ignored by local council and government
What was the goal of the Cardiff regeneration project?
‘put Cardiff on the
international map as a superlative
maritime city, which will stand
comparison with any such city in the
world, thereby enhancing the image
and economic well-being of Cardiff and
Wales as a whole’
What were the achievements of the Cardiff regeneration project?
-£1.2 million invested into private sector
-16,750 jobs created in new developments
- 4,380 new housing units
-79 hecares created
-area of land reclaimed: 327 hecares
-roads built 42km
What are the negatives of the Cardiff regeneration project?
Lack of the development of communities, environmental impact , gentrification, uneven development ( arena not finished)
How has the WHO mitigated against malaria?
Provision of vaccines, nets, testing, developing antimalarial drug resistance
What percentage of malaria programmes does the Global Fund finance?
62%
How much money did the Global fund invest as of June 2024 in malaria control programmes?
$19.1 billion
How suspected cases of malaria were there in 2022?
335 million
How many malaria cases were treated in 2022?
171 million
How many mosquito nets were distributed in 2022?
227 million
How many cases of malaria did the Gates foundation prevent/ how many lives were saved over the past 2 decades?
1.7 billion cases/10.6 million lives
How many estimated cases were there in 2020?
241 million cases
What percent of malaria cases are in Africa?
95%
What are the ways to mitigate against malaria?
Education, vaccines, nets, drug testing
What is the life expectancy in Blackpool?
73.1 years
What is the amount of greenspace in Blackpool?
4%
What are the negatives about Blackpool?
Low life expectancy, high premature deaths, high alcohol and drug admission, low % of people being physically active -54
How many people come per year to Blackpool to live?
7,500
How many HMOs are in Blackpool?
4,000
What were the objectives made for Iamsterdam?
“to contribute to the liveability, attractiveness and broad prosperity of a sustainable and inclusive Amsterdam Area, by building a better reputation and guiding residents, businesses and visitors.”
When was the Iamsterdam
2004
How many visitors did Iamsterdam recieve 2004 vs 2019?
10 million vs 20 million
How many jobs were created from Iamsterdam?
150,000
What were the negatives of Iamsterdam?
Gentrification
Was Iamsterdam bottom up or top down?
Bottom down=> Government
What is an example of a bottom up project?
Highline New York, Coin street community builders
When did the Highline project began?
2008
Who launched the Highline project?
Joshua David and Robert Hammond
What were the negatives of the highline project?
Gentrification/ brought house prices up
What was the purpose of the Highline project?
“reclamation of unclaimed public space, adaptive reuse of outmoded infrastructure, and preservation as a strategy for sustainability”
What is the purpose of Coin street community builders?
to make our North Southwark and Waterloo neighbourhood a better place to live, work
How does Coin street community work?
Residents own % of buildings.
What is the Antarctic convergence zone?
a marine belt encircling Antarctica, high marine productivity
Where does the Antarctic treaty only apply to?
Anywhere 60 degree south of Antarctica
Which part of Antarctica is the most venerable?
West Antarctica
When is the Antarctic treat up for review?
2048
Which NGO regulates tourism in Antarctica?
IAATO (International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators)
What is ATS and what is its role?
Antarctic treaty system- regulates international relations in Antarctica
What is the role of the Madrid Protocol?
Ban mining , prevention of resource exploitation
What is the role of IWC
(International whaling commission)- Prevention of commercial whaling
When was the IWC signed?
1982
Which countries did not ratify the IWC?
Japan and Norway
When was the Madrid protocol signed?
1991
What is ASOC and their role?
(Antarctica and Southern Ocean coalition)- gained ‘observatory status of Antarctica’, meaning to provide information in discussions
What is the role of COP in Antarctica?
COP influences Antarctica by driving global climate policies that address ice melt, protect ecosystems, support scientific research, regulate human activities, and strengthen environmental commitments.
What is the ‘works’?
A £350 million regeneration project by Blaenau Gwent Council & Welsh government using EU redevelopment
How many people in Ebbw Vale have no qualifications?
19.4% , 25-64 year olds have no qualifications
What was the unemployment rate in 2011?
7-8% higher than the Welsh average of 4.3%
What has the EU funded in Ebbw Vale?
Schools , hospitals, leisure centres
What percent of Blaenau Gwent have bad health?
2.3%
What health concerns are in Blaenau Gwent?
Mortality outcomes generally worse than Wales for cancer and heart disease
What are endogenous factors that give place meaning for Cheltenham?
Horse racing, GCHQ, Education, festivals
What are exogenous factors that affect Cheltenham?
Tourism, flows of money (cybersecurity and aerospace) GE aerospace
What are deprived parts of Cheltenham?
St Pauls , Hester’s Way
