Human geography Flashcards
def of demography
study of human pop. 3 basic components births, migration and deaths
def of national census
an offical count of the pop and the socio-economic characteristics that can be easily quantified. its a snapshot of the social, economic and demographic characteristics at a specific time. takes place every 10 years or at regular intervals. uk = 1801
uses of national census
gov use it to keep track of pop and target health, education, housing and transport funding
def of vital registration
a video summary of democharacteristics recorded on an ongoing basis. they record birth, deaths, marriages, adoptions, civil partnerships, gender recognition
scales of the national census
national - analyse trends over 10 years, plan forward changes for housing employment ect
regional - local gov can analyse measures via postcodes or electrical wards
commercial - businesses can analyse to target marketing is areas
LEDCS reliability in national census and vital registration
collectors inadequately trained, admistritive fails results in incomplete/incorrect ccensus
islamic countries only men can be interviewed - underrepresentation
regional dialects/languages may lead to miscommunications/misunderstand questions
ethnic tensions - answer incorrectly to avoid conflict
low literacy rates
LEDCS data collection methods for vital registration and national census
expensive - uk = 480 million
civil war - hard to collect/unreliable
residents unaware
rural parts missed due to distance
LEDCS use of data for vital registration and national census
allocate funding/political power - data can be manipulated
international aid collection calculated via GDP per capita some over estimate to receive higher payment
may give inaccurate results as a means of protest as it began during collanial times
MEDCS reliability of vital registration and national census
legally binding - all states are required to complete
literacy rates high
£1000 fine and criminal record if not completed
legally protected
MEDCS data collection of vital registration and national census
receive census weeks before completion dates
special census used for blind, visually impaired, unable to read ect
census organisation are politically unbiased analysed andis analysed by offical of national statistics
all data is processed confidential and securely
MEDCS use of data for vital registration and national census
plan for schools, hospitals, infastructure, housing ect
identify areas that need improved roads, railways, cycle lanes ect
calculate how much money to distribute to govs pf NI, scotland, wales
uk 2021 census casestudy
first online questionairres used as well as paper
scanned by optical readers
95% completed and returned
pilot study carried out in 2019 to iron out issues
helplines and instructional videos - ONS/NISKA
Small amounts of falsified info to avoid gov reprisals
small anticensus movement
advertising to make the public aware
some saw it as gov interference
nigeria 2005 census casestudy
gained independence in 1961 - 5 censuses since then
focused on education, economics, migration
collected face to face and on paper
struggle to reach all pop some were ommitted - low pop density
insuffient paper copies available
45000 nomadic people missed due to poor planning of map zones
250 linguistic groups - language barriers
islamic structure - only fathers interviewed
northern states have the lowest literacy rate - yobe state - 7%
considered more reliable in the south
new water/sewage works and roads
Katsina state had low literacy rate but high pop density, low building standards this is where investment should go
def of crude birth rate
number of live births per 1000 per year in a certain area MEDC = 11 UK = 13 LEDC = 22 Burkina Faso = 43
def of crude death rate
number of deaths per 1000 per year in a certain area MEDC = 10 UK = 9 LEDC = 8 burkina faso = 12
def of total fertility rate
average number of children each woman in a pop will bear. if 2.1 or high pop will replace itself MEDC = low taiwan/latvia = 1.1 LEDC = high niger = 7.1
ad of crude birth rate
suggest access to contraception
female education
female careers
elder financial security
good post natal care
dis of crude birth rate
doesn’t show government policies
ad and dis of crude death rate
ad - suggests good sanitation
good diet
basic medical care
dis - opposite to above
ad of total fertility rate
suggests female education
female careers
IMR
financial elder security
dis of total fertility rate
doesnt show how many die
doesnt show religious controls
def of infant mortality rate
number of deaths of children under 1 year per year MEDC = 5 UK = 4.3 LEDC = 45 burkina faso = 65
ad of IMR
suggests limited access to clean water
poor prenatal care
restricted diet
limited vaccinations
dis of IMR
varies wildly hard to tell whats high or low
def of DTM
shows the ways in which birth/death rates and total pop changes overtime
original was based in UK and had 4 stages and only descriptive
ad of DTM
timescales are flexible applied to many countries
many MEDCS follow pattern suggesting correctness
dis of DTM
no info on migration
euro centric so many LEDCS do not follow pattern
no dramatic pop policies are shown
applicability in countries at different stages of the DTM
uk took 100+ years in stage 2 due to gradual invention/indroduction of social, economic and tech advances but in LEDCs falling DR occurs rapidly meaning natural increase is rapid
the gov policies for BR to fall excel countries to stage 3
larger starting pop so pop grpwth on stage 2-3 is on larger scale
list stage names of DTM
fluctuating
early expanding
late expanding
low stationary
declining
give examples of places in each stage of the DTM
Remote tribes
egypt, kenya LEDCS
brazil/NICS
USA, japan, UK MEDCS
germany
describe stage one of the DTM
High DR due to disease, weather, natural disasters, sanitation, medical care, poor harvest DR = 35
High BR due to no contraceptives, high IMR, work force needed
