Human Geography

Question 1

Agglomeration

Answer 1

the clustering of people and activities around a particular location

Question 2

Urbanisation

Answer 2

the movement of people back into central or inner parts of an urban area

Question 3

Suburban intensification

Answer 3

suburbs becoming more urban as a result of several factors eg developments remaining open spaces, increase building density

Question 4

Shanty town applied

Answer 4

a settlement or improvised buildings often built on the edge of cities which are made from scrap materials like mud and wood

Kibera is biggest slum in Africa
1 million people per 2 km squared
Less than a dollar a day income

Question 5

Harris and Ullman- Multiple nuclei model 1945

Answer 5

They argued that cities do not develop around a single centre but around multiple nuclei

Question 6

Functional zonation in urban areas

Answer 6

Function- what something is for
Zonation- the arena it is found in

Question 7

Residential segregation

Answer 7

Residential segregation is where different groups of people live in different areas of a city or town
Different groups could refer to difference in ethnicities or income groups

Question 8

Why do the affluent live on the fringes/deprived in the centre?

Answer 8

Wealthier people want more space and houses in the centre of the city are very expensive with less space
Activities are less available in the city centre like horse riding

Question 9

Ethnic villages

Answer 9

People in certain ethnic groups tend to cluster together in areas sometimes called ethnic villages.

Question 10

Residential segregation

Answer 10

Can also be seen by age, people tend to move around a city throughout their life cycle , meaning that the inner city is sometimes younger than the outer city

Question 11

Trafford centre Manchester (remember at least 3)

Answer 11

Contributed to 489 million pounds to local economy
Supported nearly 12000 jobs
7.3% of jobs in the local area
Easily accessible with good transport links
No rain indoor
95% of visitors are living in a 50 mile radius
Average customer spends a 100 pounds
27 million annual visitors

Question 12

Retailing

Answer 12

Traditionally in the cbd. Progressive movement out from cbd , with the creation of retail parks , urban superstores , out of town shopping centres and home delivery/internet shopping

Question 13

Residential segregation causes

Answer 13

Income , age , race

Question 14

Urban regeneration

Answer 14

is when you try to improve an urban area in decline with a mixture of urban redevelopment and urban renewal

Question 15

Urban redevelopment

Answer 15

is the complete clearance of existing buildings and site infrastructure and construction of new buildings often for a different purpose from scratch.

Question 16

Gentrification

Answer 16

s the in migration of people from higher socioeconomic groups into areas whereby the existing population is generally of lower socioeconomic group compared to the newcomers.

Question 17

What problems can gentrification cause

Answer 17

Ethnic minorities in lower income groups are dispersed from the area and the area becomes “ white middle class”.

Question 18

Fertility rate

Answer 18

Number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 in a year

Question 19

Total fertility rate

Answer 19

Average number of children born alive to a women in her life time

Question 20

Fertility replacement

Answer 20

The replacement level is the number of woman needed to sustain a population. 2.1 per women is replacement fertility.

Question 21

Chinas one child policy

Answer 21

A women can only have one child to control population increase

Question 22

Malthus and boserup theories

Answer 22

Malthus Believes population grows faster then the power of earth to grow food

Boserup believes that as the population increases we will adapt and find ways to produce more food

Question 23

What are the types of migration

Answer 23

Primitive - tribes moving from place to place depending on the environment
Forced-when the threat comes they are forced to migrate
Impelled- threats predicted so leave before it comes
Free - families and individuals
Mass- whole communities

Question 24

Mexico to USA migration . Why

Answer 24

Push- poor medical facilities, low paid jobs , 40% unemployment, life expectancy of 72

Pull- 99% adult literacy rates, better housing , 76 year life expectancy, polar opposites of Mexico, bright lights

Question 25

Impacts on Mexico . Migration

Answer 25

Brian drain , majority population of women , ageing population , less pressure on health care , high value remittances.

Question 26

Diaspora in London

Answer 26

Most multicultural city in the world , over 200 languages spoke , 66% of migration into the uk since 1990 has been into London.

Question 27

Farm diversification

Answer 27

As farmers have struggled to make a living off traditional farming methods they have started to add diversity. This is where farms create activities on their land to gain additional income.

Question 28

Urban regeneration case study

Answer 28

Olympic London park cost more then 1 billion
Created 110,000 jobs
Increased housing prices by 109%

Question 29

Loss sharing

Answer 29

Insurance on housing that’s been flooded

Question 30

Plate tectonic theory by Alfred wegener-

Answer 30

Continental drift theory, Wegener found proof like fossils and mountain ranges , these showed continent’s where moving (masosaurous)

Question 31

Different types of plates

Answer 31

Divergent(constructive)- plates moving away from each other and can course shield volcanos and earthquakes
Convergent(destructive)- plates being melted by magma causing it to drop to the earths core making a deep ocean trench.
Transform(conservative)- plates sliding next to each other the same direction. Nothing is created or destroyed.mostly found at the sea floor.

Question 32

Chemical weathering

Answer 32

Carbonation solution

Hydrolysis