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A-level Geography > Human geography > Flashcards

Human geography Flashcards

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1
Q

name 5 cornwall regeneration strategies?

A
  • CUC
  • eden project
  • wave hub
  • watergate bay
  • superfast broadband
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2
Q

why was rebranding needed in cornwall?

A
  • low wages
  • seasonal income
  • reliance on the core and periphery
  • deindustrialization
  • decline in primary industries
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3
Q

name 5 benefits of the eden project?

A
  • employs 400 full time staff, 75% were unemployed
  • 80% of local businesses reported improvements
  • 1.9 million visitors in the first year
  • generated over 1.1 B in first decade
  • attracted investment to the local area
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4
Q

name 3 disadvantages of the eden project?

A
  • causes lots of congestion
  • very large carbon footprint
  • income is also partly seasonal
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5
Q

name 3 benefits of the CUC?

A
  • brought in 490M in first ten years
  • combats brain drain
  • causes local businesses said to have increased taxable income by 17%
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6
Q

name 3 disadvantages of the CUC?

A
  • lack of access can lead to lack of cultural and ethnic diversity
  • leads to jobs with 7% less income than average
  • cost over 110M in funding
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7
Q

name 3 benefits of watergate bay?

A
  • created 132 jobs
  • 4.3M gross value added per year
  • voted 2nd most popular attraction in cornwall
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8
Q

name 3 disadvantages of watergate bay?

A
  • relies on tourism
  • income is very seasonal
  • private beaches have caused conflict due to differing social and economic well-being of residents
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8
Q

name 3 disadvantages of watergate bay?

A
  • relies on tourism
  • income is very seasonal
  • private beaches have caused conflict due to differing social and economic well-being of residents
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9
Q

what is an enterprise zone?

A

designated areas that provide tax breaks and government support

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10
Q

name 3 advantages of the wave hub?

A
  • created 1,800 jobs
  • generated 560M worth of energy
  • has generated 48M watts of energy
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11
Q

name 3 disadvantages of the wave hub?

A
  • cost 42M
  • lots of accidental pollution
  • locals have complained of noise disturbances
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12
Q

What is the IMD of barking and dagenham

A

2.6

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13
Q

What is the IMD of newham?

A

2.8

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14
Q

What is the IMD of tower hamlets?

A

2.8

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15
Q

What is the IMD of the city of london?

A

6.7

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16
Q

Name 2 reasons Barking and Dagenham needed regeneration?

A
  • londons highest adult unemployment rate 9.8%
  • 27% of residents earning below minimum living wage
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17
Q

Name 3 areas in Barking and Dagenham that where regenerated and how?

A
  • barking town centre, 1960’s town centre refurbished to create 400 homes and 1000m of commercial space
  • Dagenham dock, industrial site turned to a new sustainable business area
  • beam park, previously owned by ford now a 40000m hotel and pub
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18
Q

name 2 strategies of regeneration for canary wharf?

A
  • enterprize zones were created to encourage financial sector growth
  • deregulation to encourage financial sector growth
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19
Q

name 2 disadvantages of the regeneration of canary wharf?

A
  • regional inequality with tower hamlets
  • gentrification
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20
Q

name 1 part of regeneration of newham?

A
  • 59% of GCSE students achieved atleast 5 pass grades, over double the number in 1981
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21
Q

name 4 advantages of the HS2 railway?

A
  • lower carbon footprint over airlines
  • meets UK’s growth
  • reduces north south divide
  • creates jobs
  • relieve gridlock
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22
Q

name 3 disadvantages of the HS2 railway?

A

more expensive than expected
- not a necessity
- 56-100B cost

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23
Q

name 5 of the seven domains of deprivation?

A
  • income
  • employment
  • education
  • crime
  • health
  • barriers to services
  • living environment
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24
Q

what is a brownfield site?

A

previously developed land

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25
Q

what is a greenfield site?

A

land that has never been built on

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26
Q

what is gentrification?

A

character of a poor area changing due to wealthy people moving in

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27
Q

name 3 economic reasons for sydneys massive success?

A
  • high % of high income jobs
  • GDP of 337B
  • knowledge economy
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28
Q

name 2 social reason for sydneys massive success?

A
  • median age of 36
  • unemployment rate only 3.5%
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29
Q

what’s the clark fisher model?

A

shows how countries move through three phases: pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial.

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30
Q

name 3 opportunities for rural areas?

A
  • AONB
  • historic landmarks
  • holiday desination
31
Q

what is rural diversification?

A

development of methods for income generation

32
Q

name 3 benefits of Lobbs farm shop?

A
  • 700k turnover
  • education
  • social/community based
33
Q

what is regeneration?

A

redeveloping an area to improve quality of life

34
Q

what is a sun-belt city?

A

city with lots of natural sunlight

35
Q

what is fracking?

A

extraction of shale gas using hydraulic power

36
Q

name 4 pros of fracking?

A
  • helps meet huge energy demand
  • reduces energy dependence
  • coal alternative
  • job creation
  • cheap, clean energy
37
Q

name 4 costs of fracking?

A
  • causes tremors
  • can cause tar pools
  • air + water pollution
  • possible gas explosions
  • toxic chemicals
  • waste disposal
38
Q

what is deregulation?

A

removal of government regulations in a specific industry

39
Q

what is an enterprise zone?

A

designated areas that provide tax breaks and government support

40
Q

what are the 4 regeneration types?

A
  • culture led regeneration
  • tourisme led regeneration
  • sport led regeneration
  • retail led regeneration
41
Q

name a way to rebrand industrial past areas?

A
  • industrial heritage environments
42
Q

name 2 ways to rebrand derelict land and docks?

A
  • waterslide housing
  • brownfield office
43
Q

name 2 ways to rebrand old factories and warehouses?

A
  • shopping + office space
  • bars, restaurants, apartments
44
Q

name 4 factors of liverpools regeneration?

A
  • new housing
  • new jobs
  • 7,000 cultural events a year
  • dock awarded UNESCO world heritage site
45
Q

what is chinas open door policy?

A

policy that opened trade to the west in 1978

46
Q

what are the 3 ways to limit globalization?

A
  • trade protectionism
  • censorship
  • limiting immigration
47
Q

what is offshoring?

A

production in a cheaper nation

48
Q

what is outsourcing?

A

contracting other countries for production

49
Q

what is glocalisation?

A

when a company re-styles to suit local tastes

50
Q

what is global shift?

A

the movement of manufacturing, or the economic centre of gravity, to recently industrialising countries

51
Q

what are remittances?

A

migrant workers ending money back to original country

52
Q

what is culture?

A

location specific ideas, customs and traditions

53
Q

what is cultural diffusion?

A

spreading of culture to new places

54
Q

what is cultural erosion?

A

loss of traditional language, food and social factors of a specific group

55
Q

name 3 ways people have resisted cultural diffusion?

A

religious reasons
- linguistic barriers
- stereotypes and prejudices
- ethnocentrism

56
Q

what is the lorenz curve?

A

graph of distribution of income

57
Q

what is censorship?

A

restricting peoples expression

58
Q

what is trade protectionism?

A

protecting domestic industries from unfair foreign competition

59
Q

what is ecological footprint?

A

how biologically productive land is

60
Q

what is a transition town?

A

cities that reduce carbon footprint and meet local needs

61
Q

name 2 ways to measure globalisation?

A
  • AT kearney index
  • Koff index
62
Q

name 3 switched off countires?

A
  • north korea
  • turkminestan
  • (past) cuba
63
Q

name 2 switched on countries?

A
  • america
  • UK
64
Q

what does the AT kearney index measure?

A
  • politics, technology, communication
  • data from businesses
65
Q

what does the Koff index measure?

A
  • political, economic, social
  • score out of 100
  • 24 indicators
66
Q

whats an example for censorship?

A

north korea

67
Q

whats an example for trade protectionism?

A

china

68
Q

whats an example of limiting immigration?

A
  • brexit
  • muslim ban
69
Q

whats a superpower?

A

nation with lots of global dominance

70
Q

what is soft power?

A

using persuasion to gain power

71
Q

what is hard power?

A

gaining power using physical force

72
Q

name 2 examples of hard power?

A
  • millitary
  • nuclear
73
Q

name 4 examples of soft power?

A
  • tarrifs + trade blocs
  • culture
  • political persuasion
  • environmental intention
74
Q

what is cultural hegemony?

A

everyone has the same ideals

A-level Geography (4 decks)

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