Human geography Flashcards
name 5 cornwall regeneration strategies?
- CUC
- eden project
- wave hub
- watergate bay
- superfast broadband
why was rebranding needed in cornwall?
- low wages
- seasonal income
- reliance on the core and periphery
- deindustrialization
- decline in primary industries
name 5 benefits of the eden project?
- employs 400 full time staff, 75% were unemployed
- 80% of local businesses reported improvements
- 1.9 million visitors in the first year
- generated over 1.1 B in first decade
- attracted investment to the local area
name 3 disadvantages of the eden project?
- causes lots of congestion
- very large carbon footprint
- income is also partly seasonal
name 3 benefits of the CUC?
- brought in 490M in first ten years
- combats brain drain
- causes local businesses said to have increased taxable income by 17%
name 3 disadvantages of the CUC?
- lack of access can lead to lack of cultural and ethnic diversity
- leads to jobs with 7% less income than average
- cost over 110M in funding
name 3 benefits of watergate bay?
- created 132 jobs
- 4.3M gross value added per year
- voted 2nd most popular attraction in cornwall
name 3 disadvantages of watergate bay?
- relies on tourism
- income is very seasonal
- private beaches have caused conflict due to differing social and economic well-being of residents
name 3 disadvantages of watergate bay?
- relies on tourism
- income is very seasonal
- private beaches have caused conflict due to differing social and economic well-being of residents
what is an enterprise zone?
designated areas that provide tax breaks and government support
name 3 advantages of the wave hub?
- created 1,800 jobs
- generated 560M worth of energy
- has generated 48M watts of energy
name 3 disadvantages of the wave hub?
- cost 42M
- lots of accidental pollution
- locals have complained of noise disturbances
What is the IMD of barking and dagenham
2.6
What is the IMD of newham?
2.8
What is the IMD of tower hamlets?
2.8
What is the IMD of the city of london?
6.7
Name 2 reasons Barking and Dagenham needed regeneration?
- londons highest adult unemployment rate 9.8%
- 27% of residents earning below minimum living wage
Name 3 areas in Barking and Dagenham that where regenerated and how?
- barking town centre, 1960’s town centre refurbished to create 400 homes and 1000m of commercial space
- Dagenham dock, industrial site turned to a new sustainable business area
- beam park, previously owned by ford now a 40000m hotel and pub
name 2 strategies of regeneration for canary wharf?
- enterprize zones were created to encourage financial sector growth
- deregulation to encourage financial sector growth
name 2 disadvantages of the regeneration of canary wharf?
- regional inequality with tower hamlets
- gentrification
name 1 part of regeneration of newham?
- 59% of GCSE students achieved atleast 5 pass grades, over double the number in 1981
name 4 advantages of the HS2 railway?
- lower carbon footprint over airlines
- meets UK’s growth
- reduces north south divide
- creates jobs
- relieve gridlock
name 3 disadvantages of the HS2 railway?
more expensive than expected
- not a necessity
- 56-100B cost
name 5 of the seven domains of deprivation?
- income
- employment
- education
- crime
- health
- barriers to services
- living environment
what is a brownfield site?
previously developed land
what is a greenfield site?
land that has never been built on
what is gentrification?
character of a poor area changing due to wealthy people moving in
name 3 economic reasons for sydneys massive success?
- high % of high income jobs
- GDP of 337B
- knowledge economy
name 2 social reason for sydneys massive success?
- median age of 36
- unemployment rate only 3.5%
what’s the clark fisher model?
shows how countries move through three phases: pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial.
name 3 opportunities for rural areas?
- AONB
- historic landmarks
- holiday desination
what is rural diversification?
development of methods for income generation
name 3 benefits of Lobbs farm shop?
- 700k turnover
- education
- social/community based
what is regeneration?
redeveloping an area to improve quality of life
what is a sun-belt city?
city with lots of natural sunlight
what is fracking?
extraction of shale gas using hydraulic power
name 4 pros of fracking?
- helps meet huge energy demand
- reduces energy dependence
- coal alternative
- job creation
- cheap, clean energy
name 4 costs of fracking?
- causes tremors
- can cause tar pools
- air + water pollution
- possible gas explosions
- toxic chemicals
- waste disposal
what is deregulation?
removal of government regulations in a specific industry
what is an enterprise zone?
designated areas that provide tax breaks and government support
what are the 4 regeneration types?
- culture led regeneration
- tourisme led regeneration
- sport led regeneration
- retail led regeneration
name a way to rebrand industrial past areas?
- industrial heritage environments
name 2 ways to rebrand derelict land and docks?
- waterslide housing
- brownfield office
name 2 ways to rebrand old factories and warehouses?
- shopping + office space
- bars, restaurants, apartments
name 4 factors of liverpools regeneration?
- new housing
- new jobs
- 7,000 cultural events a year
- dock awarded UNESCO world heritage site
what is chinas open door policy?
policy that opened trade to the west in 1978
what are the 3 ways to limit globalization?
- trade protectionism
- censorship
- limiting immigration
what is offshoring?
production in a cheaper nation
what is outsourcing?
contracting other countries for production
what is glocalisation?
when a company re-styles to suit local tastes
what is global shift?
the movement of manufacturing, or the economic centre of gravity, to recently industrialising countries
what are remittances?
migrant workers ending money back to original country
what is culture?
location specific ideas, customs and traditions
what is cultural diffusion?
spreading of culture to new places
what is cultural erosion?
loss of traditional language, food and social factors of a specific group
name 3 ways people have resisted cultural diffusion?
religious reasons
- linguistic barriers
- stereotypes and prejudices
- ethnocentrism
what is the lorenz curve?
graph of distribution of income
what is censorship?
restricting peoples expression
what is trade protectionism?
protecting domestic industries from unfair foreign competition
what is ecological footprint?
how biologically productive land is
what is a transition town?
cities that reduce carbon footprint and meet local needs
name 2 ways to measure globalisation?
- AT kearney index
- Koff index
name 3 switched off countires?
- north korea
- turkminestan
- (past) cuba
name 2 switched on countries?
- america
- UK
what does the AT kearney index measure?
- politics, technology, communication
- data from businesses
what does the Koff index measure?
- political, economic, social
- score out of 100
- 24 indicators
whats an example for censorship?
north korea
whats an example for trade protectionism?
china
whats an example of limiting immigration?
- brexit
- muslim ban
whats a superpower?
nation with lots of global dominance
what is soft power?
using persuasion to gain power
what is hard power?
gaining power using physical force
name 2 examples of hard power?
- millitary
- nuclear
name 4 examples of soft power?
- tarrifs + trade blocs
- culture
- political persuasion
- environmental intention
what is cultural hegemony?
everyone has the same ideals
