HUMAN GEO UNIT TEST Flashcards
age distribution
the proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given area
agricultural density
farmers per unit area of farmland/arable (less farmers = more developed because working on other jobs)
arable land
farmable land
arithmetic density
Arithmetic Density = Total Population / Total Land Area. (MR NEWELL NO LIKEY)
census
Survey of an area/
A census counts the population of a nation, state, or other geographic region. It records information about the population’s characteristics (such as age, sex, and occupation).
child mortality rate
How many deaths in 1000 small children (Under five)
clusters
a localized anomaly, usually an excess of something given the distribution or variation of something else. Often it is considered as an incidence rate that is unusual in that there is more of some variable than might be expected. (BY NILE)
contraception
NO BABIES (ONE BABY POLICY CHINA)
crude death rate (CDR)
total number of deaths in a year/every 1,000 people
crude birth rate (CBR)
total number of births in a year/every 1,000 people
demographic transition
Process of change in a society’s population (STAGES.)
demography
The study of population characteristics (age, gender, jobs)
doubling time
THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES FOR A POPULATION TO DOUBLE IN SIZE
ecumene/non-ecumene
AMOUNT OF LIVABLE AREA OF LAND ORRRR AREA OF LAND PEOPLE DONT LIVE
epidemiological transition
focuses on health threats in demographic transitions (pg. 64)
infant mortality rate (IMR)
life expectancy (longevity
rate)
THE AMOUNT OF TIME A PERSON IS EXPECTED TO LIVE
Malthus, Thomas
Said world population (exponential growth) was outnumbering resource/development of food (arithmetic growth)
Medical Revolution
SANITATION CREATION
natalism (pro- and anti-)
PRO MEDALS MORE BABIES MORE GOOD ORRRR ANTI LESS BABIES IS BETTER
natural increase rate (NIR,
RNI)
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
Neo malthusians
MODERN DAY THOMAS MALTHUS (fear population will overtake food resources)
physiological density
The physiological density or real population density is the number of people per unit area of arable land. (How sustainable the land is)
total fertility rate (TFR)
The total fertility rate in a specific year is defined as the total number of children that would be born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years and give birth to children in alignment with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates.
zero population growth
NO GROWTH
Aristotle
Proved the Earth was round
Erastothenes
First to use the term geography, found circumference of the earth
Ptolemy
Wrote the Atlas (Guide to Geography)
GPS
Global-Positioning-System
Geotagging
Identification and storage, info, latitude and longitude coordinates
GIS
Captures, stores, displays geographic data more accurate than drawn by hand
GIScience
Data from the satellite
Remote Sensing
Scans earth’s surface, transmits into digital image/form
Mashup
overlaying data into a map
Map Scale
Relationship of a feature’s size on a map to it’s actual size on Earth (EARTH COMPARED TO MAP)
(Three types - Ratio, Written, Graphic)
Goode Homolosine
squiggle map - equal area projection
Robinson
oval rectangle map - uninterrupted projection BUT land areas are too small
Mercator
square map - Accurate shapes/directions BUT distorted towards poles
Meridian
North south longitude
Parallel
East west latitude
Prime Meridian
Greenwich/0 degrees/180 degrees on opposite side
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time
Reference time, points on earth
Toponym
Name of a place
Site
Physical characteristics of a given area
Situation
Places relative to the location
Formal Region
Characterized by definite boundaries/called uniform region area where people have common characteristics (Language)
Functional Region
Based around a focal point/node/called nodal region connected to central point by transportation, communication, economic
Vernacular Region
People believe they exist based on cultural identity/perceptual region (south)
Culture
What people care about/what people take care of (pg. 18)
Qualitative Data
Examines cultural or regional geography
Quantitative Data
Uses mathematical techniques to find numerical data
Idiographic
Facts for place or region (different)
Nomothetic
Universally applicable (same)
Cartography
Making maps
International Date Line
Imaginary line (one calendar day from the next)
Distance decay
Distance increases = less connection
Friction-of-distance
effects from distance between region
Space-time compression
Feels like reduction in space because of technology
Hearth
Place in which an innovation or cultural change originates from
Relocation diffusion
when a group moves place to place and gives a characteristic
Hierarchical diffusion (expansion)
Authority spreads ideas to lower people
Contagious diffusion (expansion)
Widespread characteristic from one focal point/spreads evenly
Stimulus diffusion (expansion)
Fails initially in place then changes to succeed (McDonalds)
DT Stage 1 - low growth
Very high CBR, very high CDR, low NIR
DT Stage 2 - high growth
High CBR, rapidly declining CDR, very high NIR
DT Stage 3 - moderate growth
Rapidly declining CBR, moderately declining CDR, moderate NIR
DT Stage 4 - low growth
Very low CBR, low or slightly increasing CDR, 0 or negative NIR
Population pyramid
Bar graph outside thingy
Dependency ratio
of people too young or old to work compared to the people in the working age
epidemiology
branch of medical science concerned with incidents distribution, and control of diseases in a population
ET Stage 1 - pestilence and famine
Infectious and PARASITIC disease (Bubonic plague, HANDS, FLEA, people + animals attack)
ET Stage 2 - Receding pandemics
Diseases that occur widespread PANDEMIC disease (Covid)
ET Stage 3 - Degenerative Diseases
Decrease in deaths from infectious diseases, but increase in chronic disorders associated with aging (cardiovascular disease, CANCER!)
ET Stage 4 - Delayed Degenerative Disease (BUT NOT DISEASE)
Through medical advancements life expectancy of older people is extended
ET Stage 5
Diseases come back
cultural ecology
distance-decay
friction of distance
formal region
Gravity Model
Mercator projection
custom
globalization
creole
dialect
Indo-European
isogloss
isolated language
language branch
language family
language group
lingua franca
literary tradition
national language
Language spoken by a large part of the population of a country, which may or may not be designated an official language
pidgin
slang
standard language
a variety of language that is used by governments, in the media, in schools and for international communication.
syntax
brain drain/gain
chain migration (migration ladder)
emigration
immigration
