Human Genomes

Question 1

Viral DNA

Answer 1

Retroviruses have inserted
information

Question 2

Protein Processing

Answer 2

The addition of sugars and lipids to create glycoproteins and lipoproteins

Question 3

True of False? Most of Human Genome does not encode protein.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the percentage of human DNA that can encode protein?

Answer 4

Only 1.5%

Question 5

What is the rest of are the Genome in a Human DNA?

Answer 5

Repeated sequences, promoters and other control sequences, introns, noncoding RNAs(ncRNA), and viral DNA.

Question 6

Repeated sequences

Answer 6

Telomeres, centromeres,
transposons etc

Question 7

Promoters and other
control sequences

Answer 7

Guide enzymes that
control replication,
transcription & translation

Question 8

Noncoding RNAs
(ncRNA)

Answer 8

*rRNA, tRNA, others
* Transcribed from
pseudogenes, but are not
translated
Rest of genome includes:

Question 9

What is a genotype?

Question 10

Phenotype

Question 11

Allele

Question 12

Describe the purpose of a test cross

Question 13

Explain how the law of segregation and the law of
independent assortment reflects the events of meiosis

Answer 13

The law of segregation reflects the movement of homologous chromosomes into separate cells during meiosis I. The law of independent assortment reflects that each homologous pair of chromosomes aligns independently of other chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis.

Question 14

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 14

Mendel speculated that gametes contained
particulate units or “elementen”

Question 15

What are Gene?

Answer 15

• Gametes containing “elementen”
• Different versions of the same gene are called
  alleles
• Differ in DNA sequence at one or more sites

Question 16

Remember these terms

Answer 16

Alleles = dominant (T) or recessive (t) version of
a gene
* Genotype = The alleles present in an individual
* Homozygous TT or tt
* Heterozygous Tt
* Phenotype = The trait observed
* Ex: Tall or Short
* Wild Type = Most common phenotype
* Mutant phenotype = A product of a change in
the DNA

Question 17

What are Punnett squares?

Answer 17

Boxes that represents genes in gametes and how they combine to make offspring

Question 18

Law of Independent
Assortment

Answer 18

• The inheritance of
  one does not
  influence the
  chance of inheriting
  the other
• Applies to genes on
  different
  chromosomes

Question 19

Autosomal Inheritance

Answer 19

• Located on the non-sex chromosomes
• They may be inherited as dominant or recessive
  conditions
• Recessive conditions more likely with consanguinity

Question 20

A phenotypic ratio of 3:1 in the offspring of a mating of two organisms heterozygous for a single trait is expected when:

Answer 20

The alleles segregate during meiosis.
Mendel first proposed that alleles segregate from one another during the formation of gametes