Human Genome And Structure Of Genes

Question 1

Structure of gene

Answer 1

Promoter
Introns exons

Question 2

Mature RNA

Answer 2

Exons(splice some)( variable left splicing-antibody)
3’ UTR: Sites for miRNA and regulatory proteins
5’ UTR:kozak consensus sequence, uORFs, uAUGs, harbor introns
3’ polyA tail
5’ cap

Question 3

Amino acid

Answer 3

a carbon
R side chain
Nonpolar(9)
Uncharged polar(6)
Positive (2)
Negative (3)
Dehydration synthesis

Question 4

Peptide synthesis

Answer 4

Ribosome:60S subunit (18S rRNA); 40S subunit (28/5.8/5 S rRNA)
AUG- Met
tRNA
5-3

Question 5

cis-acting elements

Answer 5

located in genome
Promoter
Enhancer
Repressor
Insulator

Question 6

Trans-acting elements

Answer 6

TF
RNA
Binds to cis

Question 7

Splice junctions

Answer 7

The exon-intron junctions at which splicing takes place

Question 8

GT-AT rules

Answer 8

Intron: 5’ GT, 3’ AG

Question 9

5’ capping

Answer 9

Nuclear export ( cap binding complex)
Prevention of degradation
Promote translation

Question 10

Polyadenylation

Answer 10

Add polyA tail to 3’ UTR
AAUAAA sequence is required

Question 11

DNA replication

Answer 11

Topoisomerase
Primate
DNA polymerase
DNA ligaments
Okazaki fragment
Leading strand
Lagging strand

Question 12

Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(snRNPs)

Answer 12

RNA-protein complex
Components of splicesome(U1,2,4,5,6)

Question 13

RNA polymerases

Answer 13

I: rRNA (majority), pre-rRNA 45S
II: precursors of mRNA, most sRNA and miRNA
III: tRNA,rRNA5S,small RNAs
IV: siRNA(plants)

Question 14

Sense strand

Answer 14

In opposite of template strand
Carrying translatable code