Human Factors + UCD Flashcards by Felix Stevens

Ergonomics

The science behind creating products or workspaces for optimum human use

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Anthropometrics

The study of the measurements of the human body

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What are the aims of HF?

Reduce stress and fatigue
increase safety
increase ease of use
enhance operational comfort
improve system performance, reliability and maintenance

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Static data

Measurements taken when the body is stationary

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Dynamic data

Measurements taken when the body is in motion

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Tools for anthropology data

Callipers, stadiometer, measuring tape, Brannock device

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Clearance

Minimum distance required to enable the user group into or through an area. Example an emergency exit on an aircraft designed for 95th percentile

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Reach

3D space which you carry out physical work activities when you are at a fixed location. Example would be workspace which is designed for 5th percentile

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Adjustability

Design can be adjusted to fit specific percentiles

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Primary data

data which has been collected through your own research

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Secondary data

information which has been collected from another source or study

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Psychological factors to create a good user interface?

Simplicity 
Ease of use
Intuitive logic
low memory burden 
Visibility 
Feedback 
Affordance 
Mapping 
Constraints

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Ways to collect psychological data

Observation 
Case studies 
Standardised tests
Surveys or questionnaires 
Interviews

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Observation

observes human behaviour in real world settings and makes no attempt to change the situation.

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Case studies

in depth examination of single individual

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Standardised tests

measures some aspect of the participants behaviours to compare them to other participants

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Surveys or questionnaires

participant can answer questions in their own time which is then collected to compare with others

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Interviews

asking people questions to find out about their experiences and attitudes

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Human information processing systems (HIPS)

how humans deal with the information that surrounds them. Input process and output. Sight, hearing, smell and taste

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Physiology

Strength and limitations of the human body. Example is how long can you hold a product for

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UCD

design process paying attention to the needs of potential users of a product. done by involving the user at all stages of the design process

Multidisciplinary team

a group of individuals which have different jobs that work together

Principles of UCD

design is based upon understanding of users, tasks and environments
users are involved throughout
design and development
design is driven and refined by user-centered evaluation
process is iterative

User

the person or people using the product

Task

the task being performed

environment

where the product will be used or designing for the environment

Iteration

repetition of a process in order to generate a sequence of outcomes

Stage 1: research learning

learning about the people who will use the product and the context which they use it in

Stage 2: Concept examining

looking at the needs of the user and coming up with innovative solutions to those problems

Stage 3: design

designing and usability testing mock-ups of the product through a series of repeated cycles

Stage 4: Implementation

the development team often needs quick interaction solutions when they encounter technical constraints

Stage 5: Launch

roll out is managed to ensure users experience a smooth transition from a legacy product

inclusive design

designing universally accessible products for all users including those with physical, sensory, perceptual and other challenges

Inclusive design is:

- welcoming to everyone - responsive to peoples needs - intuitive to use - flexible

Usefulness

product enables user to achieve their goals

effectiveness

measured by speed of performance or error rate

learn-ability

users ability to operate the system to a defined level of competence after some predetermined period of training

attitude

users feelings of the product

advantages of usability

- product acceptance - better user experience - better productivity - less user errors - no need for training or support

user population

range of users for a particular product or system

Personae

fictional characters based on the the ideal user for the product

Secondary personae

people who are not primary audience but still use the product such as a nurse using a thermometer on a person

Anti-personae

people which the product has not been designed for

Scenario

tells us what the user will do with the product

Use case

set of possible sequences of interactions or steps between a user and a product to achieve a particular action

Physiological factors

motor processes and output

Psychological factors

input, sensory processes, central processes

Environmental factors

a set of psychological factors that can affect the performance of an individual that come from the environment that the individual is situated

alertness

the level of vigilance, readiness or caution of an individual

perception

the way in which something is regraded understood or interpreted