Human factors

Question 1

What are the 4 types of factors?

Answer 1

• Endogenous – affect Marines from within
• Exogenous – affect Marines externally
• Transitory – can be mitigated by training
• Enduring – may be mitigated by education

Question 2

It is a fight or contest between individuals or groups in which one:
• Engages an enemy with individual or crew served weapons
• Is exposed to direct or indirect enemy fire
• Undergoes a high probability of direct contact with enemy personnel and/or firepower, to include the risk of capture

Answer 2

COMBAT

Question 3

What are some common element found in combat environments?

Answer 3

• Confusion and lack of information
• Causalities
• Unnerving sights and sounds
• Feelings of isolation
• Communication breakdowns
• Individual discomfort and fatigue
• Fear, stress, and mental fatigue
• Continuous operations
• Homesickness

Question 4

What are the 5 stresses of combat?

Answer 4

1. boredom
2. fog of war
3. casualties
4. discomfort/fatigue
5. extreme risk/fear

Question 5

What are the 3 ways to mitigate combat stress?

Answer 5

Orient, Intervene, and Complete

Question 6

In mitigating combat stress:
•	Train how we fight
•	Involved leadership
•	Human factors education
•	Holistic preparation
are examples of...

Answer 6

ORIENT (preventing)

Question 7

In mitigating combat stress:
• Encourage and talk to your Marines
• Have thorough debriefs of every mission
• Encourage your Marines to PT!
• Rotation plan
• Walk the lines! (know what your Marines are going through and what they are experience)

are examples of…

Answer 7

INTERVENE (mitigating)

Question 8

In mitigating combat stress:
•	Restore order
•	Build space for Marines to de-stress and share their stories
•	Be the first to show removed
are examples of

Answer 8

COMPLETE (reduction)