Human Excretory System

Question 1

what does the excretory system consist of

Answer 1

a pair of kidneys
one pair of ureters
a urinary bladder
a urethra

Question 2

colour of kidneys

Answer 2

reddish brown

Question 3

location of kidneys

Answer 3

between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity

Question 4

average weight of one kidney

Answer 4

120-170 g

Question 5

notch in kidney through which ureter, blood vessels, nerves enter

Answer 5

hilum

Question 6

funnel shaped space inner to the hilum

Answer 6

renal pelvis

Question 7

renal pelvis has projections of

Answer 7

calyces (singular: calyx)

Question 8

two zones inside a kidney

Answer 8

outer cortex
inner medulla

Question 9

calyces are projected from

Answer 9

medullary pyramids

Question 10

cortex extends in between medullary pyramids as renal columns called

Answer 10

Columns of Bertini

Question 11

how many nephrons does each kidney have

Answer 11

one million

Question 12

two parts of a nephron

Answer 12

glomerulus
renal tubule

Question 13

glomerulus is what

Answer 13

a tuft of capillaries

Question 14

what does the tuft of capillaries contain

Answer 14

an afferent arteriole
an efferent arteriole (blood is carried away)

Question 15

renal tubule begins with which structure
it also encloses the glomerulus

Answer 15

bowman’s capsule

Question 16

glomerulus along with bowman’s capsule is called

Answer 16

malpighian body / renal corpuscle

Question 17

part of renal tubule after bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

proximal convulated tubule

Question 18

after proximal convulated tubule

Answer 18

descending henle’s loop
ascending henle’s loop

Question 19

after ascending henle’s loop

Answer 19

distal convulated tubule

Question 20

after distal convulated tubule

Answer 20

collecting duct

Question 21

where does collecting duct open

Answer 21

many fuse to form calyx which open into renal pelvis

Question 22

which parts of nephron are in cortical region of kidney and which of them are in medulla

Answer 22

malpighian corpuscle, pct, dct are in cortex
loop of henle in medulla

Question 23

nephrons with a short loop of henle are called

Answer 23

cortical nephrons

Question 24

nephrons with a long loop of henle

Answer 24

juxta medullary nephrons

Question 25

what are peritubular capillaries

Answer 25

efferent arteriole from glomerulus forms a network around the renal tubule

Question 26

what is vasa recta

Answer 26

a minute vessel of the peritubular capillaries runs parallel to the loop of henle forming a ‘u’ shape

Question 27

is vasa recta present in cortical nephrons

Answer 27

no
if present, it is highly reduced