Human Excretory System Flashcards
what does the excretory system consist of
a pair of kidneys
one pair of ureters
a urinary bladder
a urethra
colour of kidneys
reddish brown
location of kidneys
between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
average weight of one kidney
120-170 g
notch in kidney through which ureter, blood vessels, nerves enter
hilum
funnel shaped space inner to the hilum
renal pelvis
renal pelvis has projections of
calyces (singular: calyx)
two zones inside a kidney
outer cortex
inner medulla
calyces are projected from
medullary pyramids
cortex extends in between medullary pyramids as renal columns called
Columns of Bertini
how many nephrons does each kidney have
one million
two parts of a nephron
glomerulus
renal tubule
glomerulus is what
a tuft of capillaries
what does the tuft of capillaries contain
an afferent arteriole
an efferent arteriole (blood is carried away)
renal tubule begins with which structure
it also encloses the glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
glomerulus along with bowman’s capsule is called
malpighian body / renal corpuscle
part of renal tubule after bowman’s capsule
proximal convulated tubule
after proximal convulated tubule
descending henle’s loop
ascending henle’s loop
after ascending henle’s loop
distal convulated tubule
after distal convulated tubule
collecting duct
where does collecting duct open
many fuse to form calyx which open into renal pelvis
which parts of nephron are in cortical region of kidney and which of them are in medulla
malpighian corpuscle, pct, dct are in cortex
loop of henle in medulla
nephrons with a short loop of henle are called
cortical nephrons
nephrons with a long loop of henle
juxta medullary nephrons
what are peritubular capillaries
efferent arteriole from glomerulus forms a network around the renal tubule
what is vasa recta
a minute vessel of the peritubular capillaries runs parallel to the loop of henle forming a ‘u’ shape
is vasa recta present in cortical nephrons
no
if present, it is highly reduced
