Human Evolution I - Hominins Flashcards
What makes hominins different from other primates?
Hominins are obligate bipeds, other primates occasionally bipedal
How would hominins become bipedal (if theory says they start from tree)?
climate change cause trees to turn to savannah, so must walk around between trees more
How would hominins become bipedal (if theory says they start quadrupedal)?
they slowly had to start being on two feet more and more due to predator/prey reasons
3 benefits of bipedalism
conserving energy, thermoregulation, free hands and feet
Quadrupeds have ___ spines, bipedals have ___ spines
Quadrupeds have C-shaped spines, bipedails have S-shaped spines
___ have C-shaped spines, ___ have S-shaped spines
Quadrupeds have C-shaped spines, bipedails have S-shaped spines
Quadrupeds have ___-sized vertebrates, bipedals have ___-sized vertebrates
Quadrupeds have equally-sized vertebrates, bipedals have increasing-sized vertebrates
The Foramen Magnum: quadrupeds have it at the ___, bipeds have it at the ___
The Foramen Magnum: quadrupeds have it at the posterior/back, bipeds have it at the centre/anterior
___ have equally-sized vertebrates, ___ have increasing-sized vertebrates
Quadrupeds have equally-sized vertebrates, bipedals have increasing-sized vertebrates
The Foramen Magnum: quadrupeds have it at the ___, bipeds have it at the ___
The Foramen Magnum: quadrupeds have it at the posterior, bipeds have it at the centre/anterior
Quadrupeds have a ____ ilium, bipeds have a ____ ilium
long and fat, short and broad
Quadrupeds’ femurs are placed ___, bipeds’ femurs are placed ___
vertically | pushed in, towards the centre
____ knee joints are wider compared to diaphysis compared to ____ knee joints
bipeds wider than quadrupeds
Quadruped’s big toe is ___, biped’s big toe is ____
opposable like thumb | in line with the others
Quadruped feet has ___ arch, biped feet has ___ arch
no | an
