Human Evolution Final

Question 1

Allen’s rule

Answer 1

Mammals in hot climates have greater surface area than cold climates

Question 2

Biological species

Answer 2

Species that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 3

Homology

Answer 3

Similarity that reflects common descent and ancestry

Question 4

Homoplasy

Answer 4

Similarity via independent evolution

Question 5

Superposition

Answer 5

Older layers of rock are covered by younger ones

Question 6

Relative dating techniques

Answer 6

Use principles of stratigraphy. Ex:

Stratigraphic correlation
Biostratigraphic correlation
Faunal correlation

Question 7

Absolute dating technique

Answer 7

Use a clock of some sorts

Question 8

Ways the skeleton of a biped reflects its locomotion

Answer 8

Anterior foramen magnum, a-shaped spine, bowl-shaped pelvis, valgus angle of femur, large and rounded conduira on the proximal end of the tibia, robust calcaneus, lateral arch of the foot, addicted big toe

Question 9

What time period are the earliest hominins from?

Answer 9

Late Miocene

Question 10

What is a derived feature of sahelanthropus tchadensis?

Answer 10

Anterior foramen magnum

Question 11

What hominid species did Raymond dart find?

Answer 11

Australopithecus africanus

Question 12

Which species do some argue should be included in Australopithecus africanus?

Answer 12

Australopithecus prometheus

Question 13

Which is the most recent ancestor of A. Afarensis?

Answer 13

Australopithecus anamensis

Question 14

Autapomorphys of Paranthropus

Answer 14

Sagittal crest, flaring zygomatic, facial fishing

Question 15

What are the three species of Paranthropus?

Answer 15

P. Robustus (South Africa)
P. Aetheopicus (east Africa)
P. Boisei (east Africa)

P. Aetheopicus likely gave rise to the other two

Question 16

Were p. Boisei and P. Robustus contemporary?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Why is dating South African fossils more difficult than East African?

Answer 17

Lack of volcanic ash in South Africa

Question 18

Which species has a sagittal keel?

Answer 18

Homo erectus

Question 19

Which tools are associated with homo erectus?

Answer 19

Old pawn and acheulian tools

Question 20

What is the geographic range of homo habilis

Answer 20

East and South Africa

Question 21

How does homo habilis differ from homo rudolfensis?

Answer 21

H. Rudolfensis had a more robust face, larger brain case, and larger molars

Question 22

Which species has a double arched supraorbital region?

Answer 22

Homo rhodesiensos, or h. Heidelbergensis

Question 23

Where is homo antecessor found?

Answer 23

Spain

Question 24

Which species has a retro molar space?

Answer 24

Homo Neanderthalensis

Question 25

Human dental formula

Answer 25

2.1.2.3

Question 26

Raymond dart is associated with which discovery?

Answer 26

Infant skull from taung

Question 27

Which hominin genus has extremely large jaws and teeth?

Answer 27

Paranthropus

Question 28

Which species are found in South Africa?

Answer 28

A. Africanus Homo naledi P. Robustus