Human EVOLUTION Flashcards
primates
mammal order
-about 250 species/4500 mammal species
characteristics of primates
- stereoscopic color vision, boney orbits to protect the eye
- large brain to body size ration
- largely tree-dwelling and tropical
arboreal
tree- dwelling
adaptations to arboreal and social life
- digits with independent mobility and thumb.
- flat nails, sensitive fingers
- complex facial musculature
- half turn rotation at the elbow and free rotation at the shoulder
classification of primates order to humans
haplorhines- anthropoidea- catarrhines- hominoids
stepshirhines
wet nosed
lorises, galagos, lemurs
haplorhines
dry nosed
us
tarsiiformes, platyrhines, cercopithecoids, hominoids
tarsiiformes
tarsiers
anthropoidea
simiiformes
us
platyrhines, cercopithecoids, hominoids
platyrhines
new world monkeys, spider monkey
catarrhines
us
- cercopithecoids, hominoids
- no prehensile tail, 2 pre-molars, narrow nasal septum
- distinguish red and green, locate fruit
cercopithecoids
old world moneys
hominoids
- apes (including humans)
- brachiation, more erect posture, arms and shoulders
- more flexible, spine stiffer, arms extend laterally
- larger pelvis, loss of tail
prehensile tail
long tail to grasp tree branches with
brachiation
arm swinging, primates swing from tree to tree
arm over arm
orangutan
- hominoid
- fruit eaters, not as social, small family units
- only occasionally on forest floor
Gorilla
- catarrhine hominoid
- dominated by male silverback
- male male competition- polygyny
- males almost twice the size as females
Chimpanzees
- catarrhine hominoid
- bonobo and chimps
- extended child care, prolonged adolescence (8-10)
- feed and sleep in trees, often on ground
- knuckle walker
- extensive tool use
how long ago were hominoids related to eachother
7 mya
AMH showed up around
6 mya to 100,000 years ago
in the rift valley of africa
