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Level 3 Biology > Human Evoloution > Flashcards

Human Evoloution Flashcards

1
Q

The name for the hole in the base of the Skull through which the Spinal Cord passes through

A

Foramen Magnum

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2
Q

The gap in the Dental arcade between the Upper Canine and Premolar found in Great Apes

A

Diastema

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3
Q

The first Hominin to use fire and spread out of Africa

A

Homo Erectus

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4
Q

The earliest stone tool culture

A

Oldowan

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5
Q

The angle between the Femur and the vertical when Femur is in normal position

A

Valgus Angle

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6
Q

The bipedal Apes and their ancestors

A

Hominin

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7
Q

The tool consisting of a core with a flattened stone with two faces made by Homo erectus

A

Acheulian

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8
Q

The first Hominin to use tools, also known as Handyman

A

Homo habilis

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9
Q

The word to describe the great apes, humans and their ancestors

A

Hominoids

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10
Q

The type of evolution were things are taught/ learned and not passed on in the DNA

A

Cultural

evolution

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11
Q

The brain centre responsible for interpreting speech

A

Wernicke’s area

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12
Q

The Group of Hominin that were initially called archaic Homo sapiens and was the first with firm evidence for systematic hunting

A

Homo heidelbergensis

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13
Q

The part of the brain that articulates with the first vertebra

A

Occipital condyle

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14
Q

The name for the fine stone tools which include flakes, scrapers and spears with attached handles

A

Mousterian

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15
Q

The group of Hominin that first buried the dead and cared for the old

A

Homo neanderthalensis

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16
Q

the type of evolution that is passed on through our DNA

A

Biological Evolution

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17
Q

The area of the brain that is most enlarged in apes, most of all in humans

A

Cerebrum

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18
Q

The shape of the pelvis in bipedal organisms

A

Bowl shaped

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19
Q

The crest along the top of the skull

A

Sagittal

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20
Q

The first animal to be domesticated

A

Dog

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21
Q

The scientific name for “Lucy” the first to probable walk upright

A

Australopithecus afarensis

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22
Q

The name for the culture that included the Oldowan and Acheulian together. Also called ‘Old Stone Age’

A

Lower Palaeolithic

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23
Q

The name for the Neanderthal tool culture

A

Mousterian

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24
Q

The later phase of the Old Stone Age

A

Upper Palaeolithic

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25
A tool made of more than one kind of material
Composite
26
The theory that modern humans evolved in Africa and then migrated to Europe and Asia, displacing other earlier species
‘Out of Africa’
27
The first species to make and use needles
Homo sapiens
28
The view that modern humans evolved independently in Africa, Europe and Asia
Multiregional
29
Heavy bone over the eye which reduces the stresses in the skull and lower jaw involved with chewing
Brow Ridge
30
This means ‘having a | snout/muzzle’
Prognathism
31
Another name for the Out of Africa hypothesis
Replacement hypothesis or Eve hypothesis
32
Gap through which large jaw muscles pass
Zygomatic arch
33
What do ice ages do to the seas water levels?
Lowers water level creating land bridges between islands
34
Why can Y chromosomes be used to show patterns of evolution?
Because it is passed on only to sons and isn’t affected by recombination
35
How can mtDNA and Y chromosome DNA be altered?
Through mutations
36
What is mtDN?
Mitochondrial DNA which is only passed | on to daughters
37
recombination
the exchange of genetic material between different organisms
38
How did Australopithecus obtain food?
Scavenging what they found
39
How did tools help Hominin survive?
Allowed more diverse animals to be killed and processed
40
What does cooking he food do to it?
Softens it, kill microbes
41
What where the Advantages of Fire
Cooks food, hardens tools, lengthens day,kept warm, keeps predators away
42
How did the position of the foramen magnum change when Hominin became bipedal?
Moved from the lower back of skull towards the centre
43
What is the name for the differences observed between male and female skeletons?
Sexual Dimorphism
44
Over time how did the prognathic muzzle change?
It reduced
45
Over time how did the brain size of the Hominin change?
Brain size increased
46
What is the difference in the shape of the spine in modern apes and human?
c-shaped apes s-shaped humans
47
Why is the Out of Africa hypothesis also called replacement hypothesis?
When they moved out of Africa, they out competed any Hominin they came into contact with, making them extinct
48
How did the feet change when we became bipedal?
Forward facing big toe, arched, big toe attached
49
What are the advantages of being bipedal?
Taller so can see predators / food, hands free to carry food/ young / tools, more efficient cooling
50
What do Lower Palaeolithic – Oldowan tools look like?
Pebbles with flakes knocked off one edge
51
What do Lower Palaeolithic – Acheulian tools look like?
Tear drop shaped pebbles
52
How has cultural evolution changed over time?
Tools better, use of shelter, abstract thought, imagination, domestication of animals / plants
53
What are the Middle Palaeolithic tools?
Mousterian and scrapers axe heads
54
What does the evidence of Cave drawings, burial of dead, planned hunting groups indicate?
The ability for abstract thought
55
How did the tools change over time?
They became more refined and more worked
56
What are the Upper Palaeolithic tools?
Needles, fish hocks made from bone and wood
57
Living in trees is called....
Arboreal
58
All primates can grip objects with a ______ grip
Power grip
59
only humans have a ______ grip.
Precision grip
60
What are the advantages of a shorter pelvis?
It is stronger & able to tilt and rotate during walking
61
What shape/ dental arcade is the jaw in apes?
rectangular or U-shape.
62
What shape/ dental arcade is the jaw in humans?
Parabola
63
Using the Multiregional Hypothesis when did our ancestors leave Africa?
About 1 million years ago
64
What is the name of the process where one change reinforces another?
Positive Feedback
65
Using the Replacement Hypothesis when do they think our ancestors left Africa?
About 200,000 years ago
66
Advantages of Bipedilism
Free hands,for carring things,Thermoregulation,Energy efficiency,See further.
67
Disadvantages of Bipedilism
Smaller pelvis made giving birth difficult,Back ache.
68
Assimilation theory
Modern humans evolved in Africa and interbred with other hominins who left Africa earlier as they migrated

Level 3 Biology (1 decks)

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