Human Ethics Flashcards
What is ethics?
an area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behavior; a branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong
What is the policy that we follow for research?
Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)
What is the difference between shall and should?
shall=mandatory
should=guidance
What is the overarching legislation over the TCPS2?
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
What are the core principles of human research ethics?
respect for persons
concern for welfare
justice
What is respect for persons?
intrinsic value of human beings
subjects–>participants (shows respect)
autonomy
-ability to deliberate about a decision and act accordingly
-social connotation
-research requirement: free consent
-limitations of autonomy: lack of understanding, mental and health issues
What is concern for welfare?
quality of a persons experience of life
determinants:
-housing, employment, education, privacy, control of information
evaluation of risks:
group and community welfare
What is justice?
obligation to treat people fairly and equitably
-does not equal treating people the same way
vulnerable populations:
-children, women, prisoners, ethnocultural groups
power imbalance
What does a Research Ethics Board examine?
scrutiny tailored to levels of risk
What kind of research requires REB approval?
involving living human participants
involving human biological materials, embryos, fetuses, reproductive materials, stem cells from living and deceased individuals
What kind of research is exempt from REB review?
information legally accessible to public
-protected by law
information publicly available
-no expectation of privacy
Describe the composition of REB.
at least five members, including men and women
-2 members have expertise in relevant research disciplines
-1 member knowledgeable in ethics
-1 member is knowledgeable in the relevant law
-1 community member
+/- ad hoc advisors
Describe consent.
free and voluntary (respect for persons)
prior to research
special cases: authorized 3rd party in case of persons with lack of capacity
Can consent be withdrawn?
can be withdrawn at any time
can also request the withdrawal of their data or human biological materials
What are the elements of consent?
undue influence and manipulation
no incentives
informed (all info provided about research, free to withdraw)
incidental findings-obligation to diclose
