Human Enviromet- Urban issues & Challenges (mumbai:dharavi/ City In UK & Urban Living Flashcards
Define urbanisation
Increase in population or percentage of people living in town or cities compared to the rural areas
HIC
High income country
LIC
Low income country
Define rural
Urban migration
What does ‘Push Factor’
Lack services and jobs in rural areas limited economic opportunities environment
Eg food or drought
What is a ‘Pull Factor’
Job opportunities in cites being created by companies from the HIC’s due to globalisation this turn leads to demand for constructions
What is growth of the cities is inherently linked to
Linked to economic growth
What is natural increase
Birth rates tend to be higher in cities due to larger proportion of young economically active and reproductively active people
When the cities in LICs grows rapidly where do most people end up living in
Urban sums, shanty town, squatter settlements
What are the five elements that a household is defined as one that lacks of the following:
Access to improved water Access to improved sanitation Security of tenure (have rights to be there) Durability of housing (materials) Sufficient living space Access to clean water
Why might people move from Rural India to city like Mumbai
PUSH- difficult environmental conditions such as drought. Lack of investment in rural areas, poor crop yield due to drought
PULL- better facility such a s school. More jobs opportunities
Four things about Mumbai
Mumbai has been a constantly evolving, globally engaged city over the past 150 years.
Most globalised city in South Asia
Hub for smaller businesses with inter/national reach
Evolving religion system of cities
Facts about Dharavi Development
1billion people are living in slums & squatter settlements in the world
The slums & squatter settlements will rise 2 billion by 2030
15% of urban population lives in slums in over 600 cities and town in India
What are the three things Dharavi concerned for :
CITIZENS- hygiene, crime
LANDSCAPE- helplessness, financial loss
SLUM SELLERS- healthcare, knowledge, environment
Dharavi development
Each family will be given a hose of 225 square feet. Rebuild with high casks architecture like Norman Foster with glass, steel, walkways, green space and monorails. Shelters wi be moved into tower blocks no other choice but to goo vertical. Crafts men & posters are forced to leave recycle shutdown.
Who can live in the Dharavi development
Anyone living in the apartment since 200 is eligible so that is only offering a certain proportion of the local. People are only allowed to live in the ground floor only.
General facts in London
2.5 million are migrants 1 in 3 were not born in London 2001 London was home for 42 country's 300 language spoken 1.7 million of London speaks another language other than English 36% is foreign born
What is the population for United Kingdom
5175677
Few places of inner london
Westminster, Tower Hamlets, Southwark
Few places of outer London
Bexley, Harrow, Sutton
Facts about Oyster cards
Electronic card to travel around London. Introduced in July 2003. Used for buses, trams, tube, DLR, national Rail. By 2012 43 million Oyster card had been issued. Electromagnetic field is created between the reader and the chip which allows data to be transferred from te reader to your card. It encourages people to take the public transport witch means less cars less pollution
Advantaged and disadvantaged in a Oyster card
Doesn’t expire | Not tourist freindly
Travel fast and easily. | Easy to lose
Saves f having to buy lots ticket. | Pay £5 deposit u can’t get back
Travel many places. | If lost cant get money back
Facts about congestion charge
£11.50 daily charge
Driving a vehicle is between 7am to 6pm on Mon-Fri
London was the first country to introduce congestion charge
It encourages other people to use more sort of other transports
Cars can only pay once/ pay online/u will get a penalty charge notice
Advantages of congestion charge
Less trains buses and walking.
Less cars = no pollution
Safer for cyclists on the road
Reduce traffic
