Human Endocrine System Flashcards
What does the system work with?
Nervous system
What do the two systems enable?
Animals to respond to external changes and to control conditions inside their body
What is maintained from the systems?
Stability within the organism for protection
How does the nervous system respond?
- Rapid response to stimuli
- Use of electrical impulses + neurotransmitters
How does the endocrine system respond?
- Slower response - long lived effect
- Glands produce and release specific hormones in bloodstream
- Effecter organ targeted
- Glands = over or under stimulated
Define endocrine system
Responsible for chemical coordination and regulation of various activities in the body
What is chemical coordination?
Slow process of communicating information throughout the body by chemicals (hormones)
What do endocrine glands secrete?
Variety of hormones by special glands or tissue
Define hormone
Organic chemical substance, usually a protein sometimes steroid, secreted by endocrine gland and carried in bloodstream to target organ, which regulates metabolic activities
Where is the hypothalamus?
Brain, situated above pituitary gland
Osmolarity
Low water levels
Where is the pituitary gland?
Attached to hypothalamus at base brain by short stalk
Another name for pituitary gland
Hypophysis
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
What is the thyroid stimulating hormone?
Stimulate thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
What does the follicle stimulating hormone do for women?
Stimulate oogenesis in ovary
What does the follicle stimulating hormone do for men?
Stimulates spermatogenesis in testes
LH
Luteinising hormone
Function of luteinising hormone
Stimulates ovulation from ovary and formation corpus luteum
Function of prolactin
Production of milk in female mammary gland
Responsible for maternal instinct
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Function of adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisone and aldosterone
ICSH
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone
Function of interstitial cell stimulating hormone
Stimulates testes to secrete testosterone
GH
Growth hormone
STH
Somatrophic hormone
Function of growth hormone
Promotes skeletal and muscular growth.
Stimulates synthesis of proteins
Growth hormones
- Gigantism
- Pituitary dwarfism
- Acromegaly
Where is the thyroid gland situated?
Two lobes of butterfly shaped on either side of trachea below larynx in front of neck
Basal metabolic rate
Amount of energy the body needs to keep functioning while at rest
Hypothyroidism
- Myxoedema
- Cretinism
Hyperthyroidism
Goitre
Extracellular fluids
Tissue fluid and blood
Negative feedback
A change from the set point of any factor is corrected by bringing about a change in opposite direction
Receptor
Detect a change and sends info to brain
Control centre
Processes information and activates corrective mechanisms and sends to effector
Effector
Responds and corrects the change
How is the pancreas exocrine?
Pancreatic juice along pancreatic duct into duodenum which helps chemical digestion
How is the pancreas endocrine?
Islets of Langerhans - pass directly in blood
Alpha cells
Glucagon
Beta cells
Insulin
Adrenal gland
Pyramid shape each end kidney
What is each adrenal gland made of?
Inner medulla and outer cortex
Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
Cortisol
What is aldosterone?
Cause increased reabsorption of sodium ions from filtrate in nephrons and movement of potassium in filtrate
What does aldosterone help regulate?
Electrolytic levels of body fluids - osmoregulation
What is cortisol?
Increase ability to resist stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic
Adrenal medulla
Adrenalin
