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Med Terminology > Human Diseases, ch-1-4 (atm) > Flashcards

Human Diseases, ch-1-4 (atm) Flashcards

1
Q

reservoir

A

the source of an infection agent

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2
Q

endemic

A

disease that is always presents at low levels in a population

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3
Q

epidemic

A

occurrence of a disease in unusually large numbers in population

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4
Q

pandemic

A

epidemic that was spread to include several large areas of the world

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5
Q

horizontal transmission

A

route by infectious disease is transmitted from one generation to the next

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6
Q

parenteral route

A

non-oral drug being taken

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7
Q

nosocomial infection

A

The spread of an infectious agent from one person or group to another, usually through contact with contaminated materials

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8
Q

norma flora

A

helps prevent overgrowth of harmful microorganisms and by producing vitamins

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9
Q

incidence of disease

A

the number of new cases of a disease in a population

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10
Q

prevalence

A

the number if existing cases if a disease

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11
Q

fomites

A

contaminated inanimate object

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12
Q

lopus

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of lupus?

A

systemic, cutaneous, drug-induced, neonatal

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14
Q

specific immunity

A

responds to antigens of specific pathogens

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15
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms that causes diseases

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16
Q

humoral immunity

A

is due to the action of antibodies

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17
Q

T-cells

A

are responsible for cell-mediated immunity

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18
Q

T and B cells are originated where?

A

In the red bone marrow

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19
Q

nonspecific immunity

A

is always prepared to defend the body against disease

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20
Q

immunity

A

the body’s ability to resist infectious diseases

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21
Q

Treatments for diseases are…

A

palliative treatments, pharmacologic, surgical, psychiatric/ psychological

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22
Q

What are 5 risk factors?

A

environmental, chemical, physiological, psychological, genetic

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23
Q

The chief causes of disease are?

A

hereditary, congenital, defernerative, inflammatory, neoplastic, metabolic, traumatic, nutritional

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24
Q

chief cause (definition) #1- Hereditary

A

abnormality in an persons genes or chromosomes

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25
Q

chief cause (definition) #2- Congenital

A

disease that existed at or date from birth

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26
Q

chief cause (definition) #3-Degenerative

A

function or structure of the effected tissues or organs progressively deteriorates over time

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27
Q

chief cause (definition) #4- inflammatory

A

autoimmune and allergic

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28
Q

chief cause (definition) #5- Neoplastic

A

result from abnormal growth that leads to the formation of tumors

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29
Q

chief cause (definition) #6- Metabolic

A

disruption of normal metabolism

30
Q

chief cause (definition) #7- Traumatic

A

physical or chemical injury

31
Q

chief cause (definition) #8- Nutritional

A

over-or underconsumption of nutrients

32
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of the occurrence, transmission, distribution, and control of disease

33
Q

etiology

A

an important part of any disease

34
Q

pathogenesis

A

describes how the cause of disease leads to anatomical and physiological changes in the body

35
Q

idiopathic

A

if the disease is not known

36
Q

remission

A

the diseases signs, symptoms, and subside disappear

37
Q

exacerbation

A

the diseases sign, symptoms, and subsides become more severe

38
Q

The physical exam procedures:

A

inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, vital signs

39
Q

electrocardiography

A

reads the hearts electrical impulses

40
Q

radiography

A

uses x-rays to visualize internal structure

41
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan

A

uses computers and x-rays to create three- dimensional images of internal structures

42
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

analyzes tissue responses to a strong magnetic field to create images of internal organs

43
Q

ultrasound

A

analyzes the interaction of low-frequency sound waves with tissue to create moving images of internal organs

44
Q

nuclear medicine

A

uses radioactive materials to create contrast on the body and help form images for the structure and function of organs

45
Q

prognosis

A

the diseases outcome or predicted course

46
Q

acute disease

A

a sudden onset and short duration

47
Q

chronic disease

A

a slower, less severe onset and a long duration of months or years

48
Q

IgG

A

principal component of the primary and secondary response to a foreign substance
( activates complement)

49
Q

IgM

A

first antibody produced in the primary response to the antigen
(activates compliment)

50
Q

IgA

A

protects mucosal surfaces by interfering with the ability of pathogens to adhere cells

51
Q

IgE

A

stimulates releases of histamine and other chemicals that mediate inflammation and allergic responses

52
Q

IgD

A

activates B cells

53
Q

Scleroderma

A

a chronic autoimmune disease of the connected tissues

54
Q

Allergy/ Hypersensitivity

A

a extreme immune response to harmless antigens

55
Q

cocci

A

round shaped bacteria

56
Q

latent infection

A

where the viruses insert themselves in the cell

57
Q

bacilli

A

rod shaped cells

58
Q

spirilla

A

spiral shaped cells

59
Q

spirochetes

A

corkscrew shaped cell

60
Q

vibrios

A

comma shaped cells

61
Q

gram stain

A

a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection

62
Q

endotoxin

A

potent toxins

63
Q

adeno-

A

gland

64
Q

angio-

A

vessels

65
Q

chondro-

A

cartilage

66
Q

fibro-

A

fibrous tissue

67
Q

hemangio-

A

blood vessels

68
Q

lyphangio-

A

lymph vessels

69
Q

lipo-

A

fat

70
Q

myo-

A

muscles

71
Q

neuro-

A

nerve

72
Q

osteo-

A

bone

Med Terminology (2 decks)

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