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BDS 4: MCQ Notes > Human Disease > Flashcards

Human Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the symtoms of an addisonian crisis?

A

Vommiting
Abdominal pain
Profound weakness
Hypovolaemic shock

severe blood/fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood

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2
Q

What type of anaesthesia can be given to patients with mild haemophilia?

(what method of anaesthesia)

A

Infiltrations can be given (slow injection)
ID blocks may need tranexamic acid

Helps to stop blood clots from breaking down, so it reduces bleeding

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3
Q

What position should you place a patient in who is suffering from anaphylaxis?

A

Lay patient flat and maintain airways

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4
Q

If a patient with known DM becomes sweaty in the dental chair what should you do?

A

Check if patient has eaten and give them some glucose
Check their blood glucose (BM)

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5
Q

How should you manage treatment such as root canals for a patient who is awaiting a kidney transplant?

A

Transplant recipients will be immunosuppressed so essential that they are made dentally fit and have no sources of infection.

So any tx like RCT or XLA should be completed before transplantation

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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7
Q

What are some dental features of Paget’s disease? (4)

A

Hypercementosis of teeth (difficult XLAs)
Alveolar ridges increase in size so new dentures may need to be made
Radiographs may be radiolucent along with sclerotic areas
Symptoms of cranial nerve compression

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8
Q

List some common symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

Lethargy
Cold intolerance
Dry hair

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9
Q

List fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E

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10
Q

How can vitamin D deficiency affect bones?

A

Can result in skeletal decalcification

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11
Q

Define a simple fracture

A

No communication between bone and exterior

skin is intact

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12
Q

What conditions may a patient take bisphosphonates for?

A

Osteoporosis
Pagets disease
Osteogenisis imperfecta
Metastatic bone disease
Multiple myeloma

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13
Q

List the drug classifcations for the following drugs
Clopidogrel
Heparin
Warfarin

A

Clopidogrel - Anti platelet
Heparin - Glycosaminoglycan
Warfarin - Anti coagulant

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14
Q

Comment on the prothrombin time of patients with haemophilia

A

Prothrombin time is normal

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15
Q

What type of conditions may patients take anticoagulants for?

A

Atrial fibrilation (irregular HR)
Previous Deep vein thrombosis (clot in vein)
Prosthetic heart valves

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16
Q

What patients are at an increased risk of addisonian crisis?

A

Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency)
Secondary hypoadrenalism
Long-term steroid therapy

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17
Q

What are the haemoglobin levels for anaemic male and female patients?

A

Below 11.5 g/dl in females
Below 13.5 g/dl in males

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18
Q

What is Hashimoto’s disease?

A

Autoimmune disease leading to the destruction of the thyroid gland

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19
Q

Comment on what analgesics can be given for dental pain to a patient with chronic renal disease

A

Paracetomol is fine
NSAIDS should be avoided

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20
Q

What drug should be administered for a patient suffering from anaphylaxis?

Dose and Route of administation

A

0.5ml of 1:1000 adrenaline intramuscularly

21
Q

During CPR how long should you take to determine if the victim is breathing normally?

A

10 seconds

22
Q

What type of DM is more likely to get ketosis?

when your body burns fat for energy instead of glucose

A

Type 1 more likley than type 2

23
Q

What drug should be given to a patient suffering from status epilepticus?

A seizure >5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 mins

A

10mg midazolam buccally is lasts longer than 5 minutes

24
Q

What is the dental relavence of a patient with hepatitis?

A

Potential for increased post-op bleeding due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors
Impaired drug metabolism
Cross infection risk

25
Q

What causes haemophilia A and which gender is more commonly affected?

A

Factor IX (9) deficiency
Affects men more commonly

26
Q

What does the presence of HBsAg (surface antigen) alone imply about a patient?

A

Patient has had a previous infection but is low risk of transmission

27
Q

What are some common causes of haemoptysis?

blood in sputum

A

Bronchial carcinoma
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis

airways of lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus

28
Q

What are some symptoms of bacterial endocarditis?

A

Night sweats
Splinter haemorrhages
Finger clubbing

(may follow a recent XLA)

Splinter haemorrhages
29
Q

What conditions may make a patient more susceptible to infective endocarditis?

A

Previous history of rheumatic fever
Congenital cardiac lesion
Heart murmur

30
Q

What is an impacted fracture

A

When the bone ends are driven together

31
Q

What are some symtoms of anaphylaxis?

A

Hypotension
Bronchospasms
Urticaria (itchy rash)
Paraesthesia

32
Q

What is thrombophlebitis?

A

Inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs

33
Q

What dental problems may down’s syndrome patients present with?

A

Delayed eruption of teeth
Macroglossia
Periodontal disease

34
Q

What is type 1 DM?
How can this be caused?

A

Usually childhood onset where there is insulin deficiency

May be caused by destruction of the pancreatic islet cells

35
Q

What is epulis and what type of patient may present with this?

A

Benign mass-like growth in the mouth that typically grows over or around a tooth

Pregnant women

36
Q

What can vitamin D deficiency cause in children?

A

Rickets
Delayed eruption

37
Q

Define a greenstick fracture

A

When bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces

38
Q

What causes down’s syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21
(three copies of one of the chromosomes instead of two)

39
Q

What are do thyroid hormones increase in the body?

A

Increase the metabolism of the body

40
Q

What position in the dental chair should be avoided for pregnant women?

A

Avoid supine as they become hypotensive

41
Q

What are some sites used for intramuscular injection

A

Vastus lateralis (thigh)
Deltoid
Gluteal muscle

42
Q

What are common oral problems of diabetic patients?

A

Xerostomia
Burning mouth (oral dysaesthesia)
Periodontitis
Prolonged healing

43
Q

What may increase the incidence of down’s syndrome during conception?

A

Incidence increases with increasing age of mother

44
Q

How do you manage a patient experiencing an addisonian crisis?

A

Place patient in a horizontal position
Give intravenous hydrocortisone
Set up intravenous infusion of fluid
Call for medical assistance

45
Q

What does the presence of HBeAg (hep E antigen) imply about a patient?

A

Patient is highly infective

46
Q

What is diabetes insipidus, how does it occur and what are its symptoms?

A

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition where you produce a large amount of urine and often feel thirsty

Impaired vasopressin secretion or resistance to its action

Polyuria, nocturia and polydipsia (extreme thirstiness)

47
Q

When is bleeding not a concern post extraction for a pt with chronic renal disease?

A

Bleeding after an extraction is not usually a concern if the patient is managed on peritoneal dialysis

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action for heparin?

A

Inhibits clotting by neutralising the action of thrombin on fibrinogen and prevents activation of prothrombin to thrombin

(INR will be normal but thrombin time will be increased)

BDS 4: MCQ Notes (1 decks)

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