human devolpment

Question 1

gametogenesis

Answer 1

formation of egg and sperm and the series of changes which the cells of the the germinal epithelium pass in order to give rise to the gametes

Question 2

spermatogenesis

Answer 2

formation and development of sperm cells.

Question 3

oogenesis

Answer 3

development of mature oocytes. large cells produced by females. Ooctye provides the initial food stores for the embryo.

Question 4

mitosis

Answer 4

division of nucleus resulting in both daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 5

meiosis

Answer 5

number of chromosomes is halved from diploid to haploid during the formation of gametes

Question 6

Fertilization

Answer 6

the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 7

four major events of fertilization

Answer 7

1.contact and recognition of sperm and egg
2.regulation of sperm entry into the egg
3.Fusion of genetic material of sperm and egg.
4.activation of egg metabolism to start embryonic development

Question 8

vitelline membrane

Answer 8

network composed of several glycoproteins which form a thin envelope located outside the plasma membrane of the ovum

Question 9

Asexual reproduction

Answer 9

offspring produced from single parent clones without fusion of genetic material

Question 10

sexual reproduction

Answer 10

offspring produced by joinining of 2 haploid reproductive resulting in a genetically different indivual as compared to parents

Question 11

Function of jelly coat

Answer 11

Prevention of too many sperm from getting to the
egg at the same time, because of its viscosity.
Jelly coat provides a sort of “shock absorber” to
prevent injury to the egg from wave action

Question 12

Polyspermy

Answer 12

The detrimental entrance of multiple sperm into a single egg

Question 13

Endometrium

Answer 13

• Epithelial layer that forms the innermost structure of the uterus (inner lining)
• Essential for maintaining the uterus cavity by preventing adhesion of myometrium
• Hormonal influence during menstrual cycle triggers thicker, blood vessel-rich and glandular structure
• Endometrial cells are shed each month during menstruation
• Perfect environment for implantation of blastocyste

Question 14

Endometrium

Answer 14

• Epithelial layer that forms the innermost structure of the uterus (inner lining)
• Essential for maintaining the uterus cavity by preventing adhesion of myometrium
• Hormonal influence during menstrual cycle triggers thicker, blood vessel-rich and glandular structure
• Endometrial cells are shed each month during menstruation
• Perfect environment for implantation of blastocyste

Question 15

Notochord

Answer 15

The notochord serves as a source of midline signals that pattern
surrounding tissues and as a major skeletal element of the
developing embryo.

Question 16

MYOGENIC INDUCTION

Answer 16

Developmental initiation and control through a complex series of spatiotemporal dependent signalling cascades

Question 17

MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTORS

Answer 17

Skeletal muscle differentiation is driven by a family of basic helix-loophelix transcription factors that mediate the terminal differentiation into a
functional myofibre