Human Development & Interpersonal Relations Flashcards
The study of global sociocultural context that shapes families, community organizations that impact family diversity and life, and the evolution of family structure and functions.
Sociology
The study of child, adolescent, and adult development
Psychology
The traditional socialization perspective predicts that a shared environment should make siblings quite similar in all but which of the following; personality characteristics, values, food likes and dislikes, behaviors, adult lifestyle
Food likes and dislikes
Carol Gilligan developed a theory of moral development in women. She found that women value caring and compassion more than abstract rational principles. Describe her three levels of moral reasoning.
In the first stage, a female is only interested in herself in the second stage, she sacrificed her own interests for the sake of others. In the third stage, which most women will not reach, both interests are successfully balanced.
Jean Piaget is associated with creating a cognitive theory. His theory has three basic components. What are they?
- Schemes (building blocks of knowledge)
- Adaptation process (assimilation, equilibrium, accommodation)
- Stages of development (sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational)
Piaget’s fist stage of development:
Sensorimotor
Birth - 24 months
Object permanence (peek-a-boo)
Piaget’s second stage of development:
Pre operational
24 months - 7 years
Egocentric. Symbolic thinking. (Taller glass has more liquid)
Piaget’ third stage of development:
Concrete operational
7 years - 12 years
Can work things out mentally (tall glass and short glass hold same amount)
Piaget’s fourth stage of development:
Formal operational
Adolescence - adulthood
Ability to think about concepts and logically test hypotheses (feather can break glass if rules state so)
Responsiveness
The degree of response a parent has to the needs of a child, and the general supportiveness
Divorce normally takes place within the fist _____ years of marriage.
4
Name some socio-cultural factors related to a high divorce rate.
The secularization of society
The desacralization of marriage
The deinstitutionalization of marriage
The liberalization of norms and divorce laws
The high level of expectation of marital life
Adoptions by whom have become more frequent?
Step parents
From a Life course perspective, as adult children mature their values become more similar to those of their parents because they have lived through similar experiences that include all of the following except; getting married, getting divorced, having children, shouldering work responsibilities
Getting divorced
As children reach adulthood, the sibling relationships in industrialized societies becomes ______________.
Discretionary
Erik Erikson’s fist stage of development
1 bun
Trust vs mistrust
Infancy
Hope (Monsters Inc.)
Erik Erikson’s second stage of development
2 shoe
Autonomy vs Shame
Toddler
Will (Finding Nemo)
Erik Erikson’s third stage of development
3 tree
Initiative vs Guilt
Preschool
Purpose (Inside Out hockey moment)
Erik Erikson’s fourth stage of development
4 dinosaur
Industry vs Inferiority
Elementary (Adolescence)
Competency (The Incredibles - Dash is allowed to run to potential)
Erik Erikson’s fifth stage of development
5 dive
Identity vs Role Confusion
Adolescence
Fidelity (Minions need a master)
Erik Erikson’s sixth stage of development
6 sticks
Intimacy vs Isolation
Young Adult
Love (Frozen’s sister bond)
Erik Erikson’s seventh stage of development
7 Heaven
Generativity vs Stagnation
Middle Adult
Care (Toy Story - Andy gives toys to Bonnie)
Erik Erikson’s eighth stage of development
8 plate
Integrity vs Despair
Late adult
Wisdom (Up)
Which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control?
Stage 2.
Autonomy vs Shame. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who don’t are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.
(Finding Nemo)
Play and imagination take on important roles at what stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?
Stage 3
Children have their sense of initiative reinforced by being given the freedom to play.
Which theorist is known for his “Zone of Proximal Development” theory of cognitive development?
Vygotsky
Which method s not utilized in family research;
Sociology, psychology, geography, demography
Geography
The family lifestyle when focus shifts to outside activities and a sharing of parenting roles
Developing
The family life cycle stage in which newly joined couples are getting to know each other, establishing roles, and learning to work as a team
Beginning
The family life cycle stage in which the family returns to the “couple” stage with each finding or re-engaging in hobbies, outside interests, or new freedoms (“empty nest”)
Middle
The family life cycle stage in which children are grown and leaving home for college or jobs
Launching
Order the following stages of the family life cycle:
Middle, Expanding, Beginning, Launching, Developing
Beginning Expanding Developing Launching Middle
An individual’s entire store of knowledge and experience
Human Capital
Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy has six levels of ___________________.
Educational objectives
List Bloom’s six levels of educational objectives.
- Remembering
- Understanding
- Applying
- Analyzing
- Evaluating
- Creating
“A student will be able to demonstrate the essential knowledge and skills needed to prepare a healthy and balanced meal.” This is an example of a __________________.
Behavioral objective
Which type of family is defined as one generation rearing another?
For example… Don and Mary are married. They are raising Don’s nephew.
The nuclear family
The Brady Bunch exemplified what type of family?
The blended family.
A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.
Yours, mine, and ours
A family that extends beyond the nuclear family to grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives who all live nearby or in the same household
The extended family
Widely regarded as the most effective and beneficial style of parenting for normal children
Authoritative Parenting
Have high expectations of kids, but temper with understanding and support
One of the most harmful type of parenting styles, these parents should seek help
Neglectful parenting
Also know as indulgent parenting, this is a potentially harmful type of parenting. These parents are responsive but not demanding. They are nurturing and loving, but their lack of structure causes children to grow up with little self-discipline and self-control.
Permissive parenting
Which strict parenting style is characterized by parents who are demanding but not responsive?
Authoritarian parenting
They usually relay on punishment to demand obedience or teach a lesson. Bad.
This stricter type of parenting generally has positive nah behavioral outcomes among black children. In dangerous neighborhoods, this style of parenting maybe appropriate to secure compliance and ensure safety and may be perceived as a form of concern.
Disciplinarian
The Freudian psychosexual theory consists of six stages. What are they?
Only Aholes Perpetuate Ludicrous PropaGanda.
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Puberty Genital
A theory of motivation in psychology development
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Often depicted as a pyramid
The level of need, according to Maslow, that refers to a person’s full potential and the realization of that potential.
Self-actualization
Maslow believed that to reach this level of need, the person not only must achieve the previous needs, but must master them.
List Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Self actualization Esteem needs Belongingness and love Safety needs Physiological needs
Which theorist is known for his “Zone of Proximal Development?”
Lev Vygotsky
Which of the following is not a stage under Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral stage theory?
Authority and social order, naively egoistic, obedience and punishment, competence
Competence orientation
Which factor would most likely have a negative effect on the development and education of children?
Siblings
Poverty
Single parent homes
Extended family
Poverty
Melissa is about to start her new job, which is a field new to her. She feels she has a good base of knowledge, and has always been successful, that she will be successful in this job too. Melissa is displaying which type of human resource?
Intangible
Which of Jean Piaget’s developmental stages is represented by the following; Speech becomes more social, less egocentric; intuitive grasp of logical concepts exists in some areas; concepts formed are crude and irreversible; reality is not form; only uses simple do’s and don’ts imposed by authority.
Preoperational period- intuitive phase
A FCS teacher completes a lesson on the nutritional breakdown of popular items in a fast-food menu. Afterwards, students are asked to use their knowledge of nutrition to select healthier alternatives from the same menu. The activity falls primarily within which level of Bloom’s taxonomy?
Application.
Application is the use of previously learned information in new and concrete situations to solve problems that have single or best answers.
The term developmental delay is used up through age ___ to prevent the possibility of mislabeling. At age ___, terms such as intellectual disability are used.
9,10
Fathers show more interest in __________, particularly first borns and in children who have more expressive personalities.
Daughters
What age group is identified as old-old?
75 - 85
Which age group is identified as young-old?
65 - 74
When a child comes across a concept which contradicts currently held beliefs, the child begins to rethink his existing beliefs. This is called ________________.
Cognitive conflict
What is the single most influential factor on the psychological and social development of children in single-parent homes?
Family income
Which of the following may be a cause of developmental delays in premature infants?
Anemia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, digestive tract disorders
Respiratory distress
Instruction model where the teacher imparts knowledge and demonstrates a skill.
Direct Instruction model
Instruction model where the teacher sets up strategies, but does not teach directly; the students make meaning for themselves
Indirect Instruction
Instruction model where the students interact with each other and with the information and materials; the teacher is organizer and facilitator
Interactive Instruction
Instruction model where students experience and feel; they are actively involved
Experiential Learning Model
The instruction model where students interact with the content more or less exclusive of external control of the teacher
Independent Study
One adult, or two adults who are related by marriage, partnership, or shared parenthood, who is/are taking care of dependents, and the dependents themselves.
Public family
The US Health and Human Services agency to care for older individuals
Administration on Aging (AOA)
Designed to carry out the provisions of the Older Americans Act of 1965.
What is a mandated reporter?
Someone who has regular contact with a vulnerable person and is therefore legally required to make sure a report is made when abuse is observed or suspected.
