Human Development, Diversity, and Behavior in the Environment Flashcards
A client is extremely upset because her 14-year-old son is not helping around the house, independently doing his homework, or arriving to school on time. The son states that his mother watches over him too closely and does not give him needed privacy. This problem is best understood as:
A. A communication problem
B. Role discomplementary
C. Progressive discipline
D. Developmental processes
B- Role discomplementarity occurs when role expectations are not being met and activities associated with these expectations are not carried out in an expected manner. In this case vignette, the client’s belief about what her son should be doing is not consistent with his behavior. In addition, the son is dissatisfied with the fulfillment of the role expectations that he has for his mother. This case vignette solely involves role issues and not communication, discipline, or developmental problems.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Wernicke’s encephalopathy or Korsakoff’s syndrome?
A. Memory loss
B. Confusion
C. Vision and/or coordination problems
D. Diabetes
D- Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s syndrome (sometimes called “Wet Brain”) are disorders associated with chronic abuse of alcohol.
They are caused by a thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency resulting from the chronic consumption of alcohol. Korsakoff’s syndrome or Korsakoff’s psychosis tends to develop as Wernicke’s symptoms go away. Wernicke’s encephalopathy causes brain damage in lower parts of the brain called
the thalamus and hypothalamus. Korsakoff’s psychosis results from permanent damage to areas of the brain involved with memory. Symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy include confusion and loss of mental activity that can progress to coma and death, loss of muscle coordination that can cause leg tremor, and/or vision changes such as abnormal eye movements. Symptoms of Korsakoff’s syndrome include inability to form new memories or even seeing or hearing things that are not really there.
A client has dilated pupils, appears jittery, and complains that “he just needs to get some sleep.” The client is MOST likely using which of the following substances?
A. Cocaine B. Heroin
C. Marijuana
D. Painkillers
A- Cocaine use is indicated by dilated pupils, hyperactivity, euphoria, anxiety, and/or excessive talking.
Heroin use is indicated by contracted pupils, sleeping at unusual times, sweating, vomiting, twitching, and/or loss of appetite. Marijuana use is indicated by glassy, red eyes; inappropriate laughter; and/or loss of interest/motivation. Painkiller addiction is indicated by sleepiness, inattention, constipation, and/or loss of appetite.
Imaginary friends MOST often emerge in which stage of cognitive development?
A. Formal operations
B. Preoperational
C. Sensorimotor
D. Concrete operations
B- Piaget defined four stages of cognitive development. They are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations. The preoperational stage begins at about age 2 and ends at about age 7.
It is characterized by magical thinking. Imaginary friends often emerge in this stage, when reality is not firm, and can last into elementary school.
A client shows a social worker a large tattoo on his arm dedicated to
his mother who recently died. He begins to cry and states that it always makes him very emotional when he sees it because it reminds him of her bravery in fighting her illness. The tattoo is a form of:
A. Symbolization
B. Substitution
C. Sublimation
D. Splitting
A- Symbolization occurs when emotional feelings are associated with an object or, in this instance, the client’s tattoo. The tattoo represents internal ideas, attitudes, and/or feelings of the client’s mother. It evokes emotions that were present during her illness and represents her bravery.
Which of the following is NOT true about cultural, racial, and ethnic
identities?
A. They are passed from one generation to the next.
B. They are influenced by popular media, literature, and current
events.
C. They are linked to feeling of belonging.
D. They are stable over the life course.
D- Cultural, racial, and ethnic identities are important, particularly for those who are members of minority groups. They may instill feelings of belonging to a particular group or groups and identification with that group (i.e., shared commitment and values).
Cultural, racial, and ethnic identities are passed from one generation to the next through customs, traditions, language, religious practice, and cultural values. Cultural, racial, and ethnic identities are also influenced by the popular media, literature, and current events.
Cultural, racial, and ethnic identities may change over time as individuals interact with those from other groups and are influenced by popular media, literature, and current events.
Which of the following is NOT true about co-occurring disorders and
conditions?
A. Co-occurring usually refers to the presence of a mental health and Substance Use Disorder.
B. The co-occurrence of mental health and Substance Use Disorders that do not meet the diagnostic threshold should not be treated in the same manner as those that do.
C. Both disorders may be mild or severe and/or one may be more severe than the other.
D. Co-occurring disorders may vary across clients and in the same client over time.
B- Co-occurring disorders typically refer to clients having coexisting mental health and Substance Use Disorders. There are a number of other terms that have been used to describe people in this category, including dually diagnosed. There are no specific combinations of Substance Use Disorders and mental disorders that are defined uniquely as co-occurring disorders. Substance Use and mental health problems (such as binge drinking by clients with mental disorders) that do not reach the diagnostic threshold can also benefit from the same treatment approaches as those that do and may offer opportunities for early intervention. Co-occurring disorders may vary across clients and in the same client over time. Both disorders may be severe or mild, and/or one may be more severe than the other.
According to the family life cycle, which of the following is NOT generally a task in families with young children?
A. Adjusting to children taking a more central role in family maintenance
B. Adopting and developing parenting roles
C. Assisting children to develop peer relationships
D. Realigning relationships with families of origin to include parenting
and grand-parenting roles
A- The main tasks in families with young children include realigning the family system to make space for children, adopting and developing parenting roles, realigning relationships with families of origin to include parenting and grand-parenting roles, and facilitating children to develop peer relationships. Adjusting to children taking a more central role in family maintenance is usually associated with later family life when children are adults.
A family seeks treatment with a social worker. During the assessment process, the social worker learns that the parents expect their children to follow strict rules and the children are severely punished if they do not. When the social worker asks the children why they have to follow several of the rules, the children are not sure why and respond “just because we do.” The parents in this family are MOST likely using which of the following parenting styles?
A. Authoritative B. Punitive
C. Authoritarian
D. Corporal
C- In authoritarian parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. Like authoritarian parents, those with
an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet the expectations, these parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing.
A social worker is a facilitator of a group for clients diagnosed as having Anorexia Nervosa. Over several weeks, clients talk about their diverse backgrounds, including their varied early childhood experiences. The social worker comments that this disorder is caused by many different factors. The concept mentioned by the social worker is:
A. Homeostasis
B. Equifinality
C. Subsystems
D. Diagnostic-related groups
B- Equifinality refers to the concept that similar outcomes may stem from different experiences. Different early experiences in life (i.e., parental divorce, physical abuse, parental substance abuse) can lead to similar outcomes (i.e., diagnoses). In other words, there are many different experiences that can lead to the same problems, behaviors, and/or disorders.
Which of the following medications is used to treat alcoholism by making clients feel ill if they consume alcohol while taking it?
A. Clozaril
B. Effexor
C. Antabuse
D. Topamax
C- Antabuse produces unpleasant side effects when combined with alcohol. It is used together with behavior modification, psychotherapy, and support to assist those who have Alcohol Use Disorder.
Effexor- Tricyclic Antidepressant
Clozaril- Atypical antipsychotic
Topamax- Antimanic agent (mood stabilizer)
Which of the following is generally TRUE about self-image during the
life cycle?
A. Self-esteem generally increases in older adulthood because individuals have fewer demands placed upon them in retirement.
B. Self-esteem gradually declines during adulthood, leveling off around age 60.
C. Young children have relatively low self-esteem, but it gradually increases over childhood.
D. Self-esteem declines during adolescence due to body image concerns, puberty, and academic/social challenges.
D- Self-esteem is relatively high in childhood, drops during adolescence, rises gradually throughout adulthood, and then declines sharply in old age.
Declines during adolescence are perhaps due to a decrease in body image and other problems associated with puberty, as well as the increasing ability to think abstractly, coupled with more academic and social challenges.
A man is seeing a social worker because he is struggling to “find himself” as his children have become adults and left the family home. He feels that his job has become mundane and he is feeling “bored with life.” This client is MOST likely in which stage of psychosocial development?
A. Generativity versus stagnation
B. Industry versus inferiority
C. Initiative versus guilt
D. Intimacy versus isolation
A- During middle adulthood, individuals establish careers, settle down within relationships, begin families, and develop a sense of being a part
of the bigger picture. They give back to society through raising children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. By failing to achieve these objectives, individuals become stagnant and feel unproductive.
Social work intervention with offenders is MOST effective when focused on:
A. Dynamic risk factors
B. Genetic predispositions to violence
C. Static risk factors
D. Arrest records and past legal involvement
A- Risk factors can be categorized in a number of ways, but the most common distinctions in forensic risk assessments are between static and dynamic factors.
Static risk factors are historical factors that do not frequently fluctuate (i.e., genetic predisposition). Static risk factors include characteristics such as number of previous convictions, age, offense type, age at first conviction, and marital status. Many risk assessment tools are based entirely, or almost entirely, on static risk factors. A problem with such assessments is that it is virtually impossible for the offender to alter his or her risk assessment for the better.
Dynamic risk factors are those that can be changed by interventions such as change in living situation, treatment of psychiatric symptoms, abstaining from drug and alcohol use, or access to weapons. Each client presents with a unique set of risk factors that require an individualized plan.
A man comes in to see a social worker and tells her that, after years of substance use, “he has had enough” and gave up using heroin two days ago. He appears anxious and agitated and reports vomiting, as well as being unable to sleep. In order to meet his immediate treatment needs, the social worker should:
A. Assist him to develop a relapse prevention plan
B. Arrange for him to see a physician to address physical concerns
C. Complete a biopsychosocial–spiritual–cultural assessment focusing
on the reasons for the substance use
D. Work with him to identify a long-term treatment program
B- According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, health and safety are basic needs that have to be addressed initially. Abstinence from substances, such as heroin, can cause nausea, vomiting, diathermia, agitation, sleeplessness, and/or depression. These symptoms have to be treated first before attempting relapse prevention or identifying a treatment plan. Completing an assessment is useful, but is not as directly tied to “meeting his immediate treatment needs” as the question directs. Ensuring that detoxification occurs safely is critical, especially after long-term use such as that described.
