Human Development Flashcards
Margaret Mahler - Object Relations
Disengagement from mother with creeping; frequent return for refueling.
-Height of narcissism; runs away from mother, anticipates she will reengage.
7 to 18 months.
Freud Structural Theory:
Moderates conflict between drives and internalized prohibitions.
Ego
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of initiative vs Guilt
3-6 years old
Freud Structural Theory:
Uses internal and external rewards or punishments to control and regulate ID impulses.
Superego
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of identity vs Identity Diffusion
12-18 Adolescence
Cognitive Theory:
- Beginnings of abstract thought.
- Plays games with rules. Cause-Effect relationship known.
- Logic understood, thinking is independent.
- Thinking is reversible.
- Rules of logic are developed.
Concrete Operations, Ages 7 to 11 years.
Freud Developmental Stages,
Ages 2-3
Anal
Theory of Moral Development:
Child acts acceptably as it is in her best interests. Conforms to rules to receive rewards.
Stage 2
Kohlberg
Freud Developmental Stages,
Ages 0-1
Oral
Margaret Mahler - Object Relations
Alert Inactivity, Attachment
0 to 3 months
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of generatively vs self-absorption
Adulthood
Theory of Moral Development:
Child obeys an authority figure out of fear of punishment. Obedience/punishment.
Pre-Conventional
Elementary school, before age 9.
Stage 1
Kohlberg
Theory of Moral Development:
Person acts to gain approval from others. “Good boy/good girl” orientation.
Conventional
Early Adolescence
Stage 3
Kohlberg
Freud Structural Theory: Properties: Impulses (impulsive behavior) Primary process thinking Unconscious Discharges tension
ID
Piaget: 4 Stages of Cognitive Development:
Ages 0-2
Sensorimotor Thought
Freud Structural Theory:
Seat of Conscience, Ego Ideal
Superego
Freud Structural Theory:
Reality Testing, Judgement, Modulating and controlling impulses, Modulating affect, Object relations, regulate self-esteem, Mastering developmental challenges.
Major Functions of Ego
Cognitive Theory:
- Retains image of objects.
- Develops primitive logic in manipulating objects.
- Begins intentional actions.
- Play is imitative.
- Signals is meaning - infant invests in meaning and event
Sensorimotor, Age 0-2 years.
Freud Structural Theory:
Definition: Seat of primitive drives and instinctual needs.
ID
Margaret Mahler - Object Relations
Alert when awake, strange anxiety, about 8 months.
6 to 12 months, Separation/Individuation.
Freud Structural Theory:
Mediator between drives (id) and external reality.
Ego
Piaget: 4 Stages of Cognitive Development:
Ages: 2 1/2 to 6 or 7
Preoperational Thought
Theory of Moral Development:
Obeys laws and fulfills obligations and duties to maintain social systems. Rules are rules. Avoid censure and guilt.
Stage 4
Kohlberg
Piaget: 4 Stages of Cognitive Development:
Ages 11 to 18
Formal Operations
Freud Developmental Stages,
Ages 6-11
Latency
Cognitive Theory:
- Language Development
- Concretism to abstract thinking.
- Past, present and future, night terrors.
- Acquires words, math, music and other code.
- Magic thinking, thinking is concrete.
Preoperational, Age 2 to 7 years.
Theory of Moral Development:
Guided by individual principles, based on broad, universal ethical principles. Concern for larger universal issues of morality.
Stage 6
Kohlberg
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Basic sense of trust vs Mistrust
0-1 years old
Levels of the Mind:
Mental activities of which we are fully aware.
Conscious.
Levels of the Mind:
Thoughts and feelings, which can be brought into consciousness easily.
Preconscious.
Freud Developmental Stages,
Ages 3-6
Phallic/Oedipal
Freud Structural Theory:
Adaptive capacity in relation to external reality.
Ego
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of ego integrity vs Despair
Maturity
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of autonomy vs Shame and doubt
2-3 years old
Levels of the Mind:
Thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which we are unaware.
Unconscious.
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of industry vs Inferiority
6-11 years old
Freud Developmental Stages,
Ages 12 - 18 Adolescence.
Puberty-Genital
Piaget: 4 Stages of Cognitive Development:
Ages 7 to 11
Concrete Operations
Theory of Moral Development:
Genuine interest in welfare of others; concerned with individual rights and being morally right.
Adult
Stage 5
Kohlberg
Margaret Mahler - Object Relations
Disengagement alternating with intense demands for attention. Splitting of objects (good/bad); can leave mother rather than be left. Language development; individual means to solve dilemmas.
18 to 24 months
Erikson 8 Psychosocial Stages:
Sense of intimacy vs Isolation
18-mid 20’s young adult
Margaret Mahler - Object Relations
No differentiation between self and other; mutual cueing.
2 to 6 months
Margaret Mahler - Object Relations
Can substitute reliable internal image during absence; inception of unified self-image.
24 to 28 months
Cognitive Theory:
- Higher level of abstraction
- Construction of ideals. Planning for future.
- Thinks hypothetically.
- De-centers through interactions with peers and elders.
- Assumes adult roles and responsibilities.
Formal Operations, Ages 11 to maturity.
