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human development Flashcards

1
Q

what do psychodynamic theories explain?

A

explain the origin of the personality. all theories emphasize unconscious motives and desires, as well as importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality

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2
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

freud. personality arises because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands. 3 levels of awareness- preconscious, subconscious and unconscious

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3
Q

preconscious

A

freud. outside of attention but available if needed

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4
Q

conscious

A

freud. information someone is aware of at any given time

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5
Q

unconscious

A

freud. thoughts, feelings, desires and memories that someone has no awareness of but influences every aspect of day-to-day lives

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6
Q

3 components to a personality

A

freud. id, ego and super ego

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7
Q

id

A

freud. driven to pleasure and to avoid pain. impulses towards survival, sex and aggression. unconsious.

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8
Q

ego

A

freud. component that manages the conflict between impulses and constraints of the real world. reality principle. prevent gratifying impulses in socially inappropriate ways.

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9
Q

superego

A

freud. moral component of personality, learned from parents and society. conform to reality and morality.

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10
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

A

freud. believed personality solidifies before age 5. oral stage, anal phase, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage.

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11
Q

fixation

A

freud. believed if a child’s needs are too gratified or frustrated too much, child can be fixated at that age of development. inability to progress to another stage.

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12
Q

oral stage

A

freud psychosexual stages of development. birth-1 year.

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13
Q

anal stage

A

freud psychosexual stages of development. age 2 or toilet training age.

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14
Q

phallic stage

A

freud psychosexual stages of development. age 3-5. genitals.

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15
Q

latency

A

freud psychosexual stages of development. age 5 to puberty. sexuality is latent or dormant.

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16
Q

genital

A

freud psychosexual stages of development. begins at puberty. sexual urges return.

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17
Q

oedipus complex

A

freud psychosexual stages of development. believed to develop during phallic stage. rival for father to mother’s love.

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18
Q

Adler

A

believed main motivation for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive, but striving for perfection. compensation and inferiority.

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19
Q

self psychology

A

self as central organizing and motivating force in personality. result of receiving empathetic responses from adults as a child

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20
Q

twinship/twinning

A

self psychology. a child needs an alter ego for sense of belonging

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21
Q

ego psychology

A

focuses on rational, conscious processes of the ego. here and now.

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22
Q

psychosocial stages of development

A

erikson. 8 stages of development that states that there are 2 outcomes- if all stages are not complete, can have a unhealthy sense of self. trust v mistrust; autonomy v shame and doubt; initiative v guilt; industry v inferiority; identity v role confusion; intimacy v isolation; generativity v stagnation; ego integrity v despair

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23
Q

trust v mistrust

A

erikson. birth-1 year. learn to trust others based on consistency of caregivers.

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24
Q

autonomy v shame and doubt

A

erikson. 1-3 yo. begin to start being independent (walking, making choices). become more confident if encouraged for their independence. may lack self esteem if not able to make decisions and feel inadequate to survive.

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25
Q

industry v inferiority

A

erikson. 6-puberty. develop pride in accomplishments. feel confident in ability to meet goals.

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26
Q

initiative v guilt

A

erikson 3-6. assert themselves, start to interact with others and develop sense of ability and make decisions.

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27
Q

identity v role confusion

A

erikson. adolescence. explore possibilities and begin to form their own identities based on outcomes o their exploration.

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28
Q

intimacy v oslation

A

erikson. young adulthood. share themselves more intimately with others and explore relationships with others.

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29
Q

generativity v stagnation

A

erikson. middle adulthood. establish careers, settle down, have families and develop sense of bigger picture. if these are not reached, can feel unproductive.

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30
Q

ego integrity v despair

A

erikson. older adulthood. contemplate accomplishments and able to develop integrity if they felt they led successful lives.

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31
Q

object relations theory

A

margaret mahler. focus on relationships with others. rooted in early attachments with others, especially mothers. objects refer to people, parts of people or physical items that represent a part of a person.

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32
Q

social development

A

change in social institutions towards an inclusive society. others treat people fairly.

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33
Q

piaget’s stages of development

A

cognitive development. believed that children learn through interaction with environment and others. sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operations; formal operations

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34
Q

sensorimotor

A

piaget. 0-2. explores world by senses.

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35
Q

preoperational

A

piaget. 2-7. imaginary friends.

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36
Q

concrete operations

A

piaget. 7-11. beginnings of abstract thoughts, understand cause and effect, logic is developed

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37
Q

formal operations

A

piaget. 11 through adulthood. higher level of abstract thinking, assumes roles and responsibilities.

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38
Q

attachment theory

A

bowlby. attachment for being fed, as well as process of operant conditioning. criticized because cultural influences that may impact attachment.

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39
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

when one need is fulfilled, will move on to the next level. deficiency needs and growth needs.

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40
Q

d-needs

A

maslow’s hierarchy of needs. deficiency needs. physiological, safety, social, esteem.

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41
Q

b-needs

A

maslow’s hierarchy of needs. or being needs. self-actualization. being yourself. do not come from a place of lacking and rather from growth. must meet basic needs to move on.

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42
Q

maslow’s pyramid

A

top: self actualization (being you); esteem needs (self respect); social needs (friendship, intimacy); safety needs (safe from danger and threats); physiological needs (food, water)

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43
Q

fluoxetine

A

prozac. antidepressant

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44
Q

sertraline

A

zoloft. antidepressant

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45
Q

paroxetine

A

paxil. antidepressant

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46
Q

phenelzine

A

nardil. antidepressant

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47
Q

duloxetine

A

cymbalta. antidepressant

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48
Q

venlafaxine

A

effexor. antidepressant

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49
Q

citalopram

A

celexa. antidepressant

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50
Q

escitalopram.

A

lexapro. antidepressant

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51
Q

bupropion

A

wellbutrin. antidepressant

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52
Q

trazodone

A

desyrel. antidepressant

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53
Q

alprazolam

A

xanax. anti anxiety

54
Q

clonazepam

A

klonopin. anti anxiety

55
Q

diazepam

A

valium. anti anxiety

56
Q

lorazepam

A

ativan. anti anxiety

57
Q

buspirone.

A

buspar. anti anxiety

58
Q

lithium

A

mood stabilizer

59
Q

carbamazepine

A

tegretol. mood stabilizer

60
Q

diavalproez

A

depakote. mood stabilizer

61
Q

oxcarbazepine

A

trileptal. mood stabilizer

62
Q

topiramate

A

topamax. mood stabilizer

63
Q

amphetamine

A

adderall. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD

64
Q

lisdexamphetamine

A

vyvanse. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD

65
Q

methyphenidate

A

concerta. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD

66
Q

methyphenidate

A

ritalin. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD

67
Q

risperadone

A

risperdal. antipsychotic

68
Q

chlorpromazine

A

thorazine. antipsychotic

69
Q

quetiapine

A

seroquel. antipsychotic

70
Q

haloperidol

A

haldol. antipsychotic

71
Q

paliperidone

A

invega. antipsychotic

72
Q

olanzapine

A

zyprexa. antipsychotic

73
Q

ziprasidone

A

geodon. antipsychotic

74
Q

asenapine

A

saphris. antipsychotic

75
Q

aripiprazole

A

abilify. antipsychotic

76
Q

antibute

A

alcohol abuse treatment

77
Q

methadone

A

helps reduce withdrawal sx of heroin and narcotic drugs

78
Q

suboxone

A

opiate addiction

79
Q

how might social workers develop understanding of a pattern of disease during assessment?

A

genogram

80
Q

elisabeth kubler-ross

A

stages of grief. denial and isolation; anger; bargaining; depression; acceptance

81
Q

family life cycle

A

emotional and intellectual stages from childhood to retirement as a family member. if skills are not learned in one stage, they can be learned in later stages

82
Q

family life cycle stages

A

family of origin experiences; leaving home; premarriage stage; childless couple stage; family with young children; family with adolescents; launching children; later family life

83
Q

authoritarian parenting

A

children expected to follow strict rules established by parents. failure results in punishment. parents fail to explain reasoning behind rules. parenting style leads to those who are obedient and proficient, but lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem

84
Q

authoritative parenting

A

established goals and guidelines that children are expected to follow. democratic parenting style. responsive to children and willing to listen to questions. when children fail to meet expectations, parents are nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. parenting style can lead to result happy, capable and successful.

85
Q

permissive parenting

A

few demands on children. rarely discipline and are generally nurturing and communicative with children; take on status of friend more than parent. result in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation, experiencing problems with authority and tending to perform poorly in school

86
Q

uninvolved parenting

A

few demands, low responsiveness, parents detached from their children’s life. tend to have lower self control, have low self-esteem, and less competent than peers

87
Q

when will an event lead to trauma

A

it happened unexpectedly; no preparation for it; feeling of having been powerless to prevent it; happened repeatedly; someone was intentionally cruel; happened in childhood

88
Q

signs of IPV

A

suspicious injury; somatic complaints without diagnosis; behavioral presentation; controlling/coercive partner

89
Q

person in environment theory

A

examines social role functioning, environment, mental health and physical health. understanding individual behaviors in light of environmental contexts. interpersonal factors, institutional factors, community factors and public policy

90
Q

conflict theory

A

clients competing for scarce resources. power unequally distributed

91
Q

social work problem solving process

A

EAt PIE Today
Engage, assess, plan, intervening, evaluating and terminating

92
Q

acting out

A

defense mechanism. emotional conflict dealt through actions rather than feelings

93
Q

compensation

A

defense mechanism. makes up for real or imagined deficiences

94
Q

denial

A

defense mechanism. inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feelings, wishes and behaviors

95
Q

devaluation

A

defense mechanism. Borderline Personality. person attributes exaggerated negative qualities to self or others.

96
Q

dissociation

A

defense mechanism. becoming separated or removed from your experience or disengaged with situation.

97
Q

displacement

A

defense mechanism. directing a feeling or behavior on people or objects that are less threatening.

98
Q

idealization

A

defense mechanism. overestimating an aspect or attribute of another.

99
Q

inhibition

A

defense mechanism. loss of motivation to engage in activity because it might stir up conflict

100
Q

introjection

A

defense mechanism. hatred towards self

101
Q

intellectualization

A

defense mechanism. person avoids emotions by focusing on facts and logic; emotions are ignored

102
Q

projection

A

defense mechanism. attributed disowned feelings, wishes and urges to an external person or feeling

103
Q

rationalization

A

defense mechanism. justifying an unacceptable feeling or behavior with logic

104
Q

regression

A

defense mechanism. reverting to earlier behaviors

105
Q

splitting

A

defense mechanism. person perceives self and others as all good or all bad. serves to protect good object. borderline personality.

106
Q

sublimation

A

defense mechanism. converting unacceptable impulses into acceptable outlets

107
Q

substitution

A

defense mechanism. unacceptable or unattainable goal replaced by something more acceptable

108
Q

undoing

A

defense mechanism. trying to make up for what you feel you are inappropriate thoughts, feelings or behaviors.

109
Q

AOD use risk factors

A

family, social, psychiatric, behavioral

110
Q

what was added to behavioral addictions in DSM-5?

A

gambling disorder

111
Q

3 purposes of social work interview

A

informational, diagnostic, therapeutic

112
Q

universalization

A

generalization or normalization of a behavior

113
Q

clarification

A

reformulate problem in client’s words to make sure you are understanding the problem

114
Q

confrontation

A

calling attention to something

115
Q

interpretation

A

pulling together patterns of behavior to get a new understanding

116
Q

reframing and relabeling

A

stating problem in a different way so a client can see possible solutions

117
Q

beck depression inventory

A

21 item test presented in multiple-choice format that assess presence and degree of depression in adolescents and adults

118
Q

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

A

MMPI. objective verbal inventory designed as a personality test for psychopathology/mental disorders. helps to assess and diagnose mental health conditions.

119
Q

myers-briggs type indicator

A

self report inventory that classifies individuals among 4 dimensions.
1st- e-extraverted; i-introverted
2nd- s-senstation; i-intuition
3rd- processed by thinking or feeling
4th- judging vs perceiving

120
Q

rorschach inkblot test

A

used to assess perceptual reactions and other psychological functioning. most widely used projective tests.

121
Q

stanford-binet intelligence scale

A

testing of cognitive abilities. provides verbal, performance, and full scale scores for children and adults

122
Q

thematic apperception test

A

widely used projective test. series of pictures and ambiguous scenes. clients asked to make up stories or fantasies concerning what is happening and description of thoughts and feelings. provides information on a client’s needs, motives, emotions, and conflicts, both conscious and unconscious.

123
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Scale

A

measure of child’s intellectual and cognitive abilities

124
Q

object relations theory

A

focus on client’s relationship with others based on their early child-parent interactions and internalized self images

125
Q

folie a deux

A

shared delusion

126
Q

endogenous depression

A

depression caused by a biochemical imbalance rather than a psychosocial stressor or external factor

127
Q

exogenous depression

A

depression caused by external events or psychosocial stressors

128
Q

hypomanic

A

elevated, expansive or irritable mood that is less severe than full-blown manic symptoms- not severe enough to interfere with functioning and no accompanied by psychotic symptoms

129
Q

egostrength

A

the ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id, superego and reality

130
Q
A

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