human development Flashcards
what do psychodynamic theories explain?
explain the origin of the personality. all theories emphasize unconscious motives and desires, as well as importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality
psychoanalytic theory
freud. personality arises because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands. 3 levels of awareness- preconscious, subconscious and unconscious
preconscious
freud. outside of attention but available if needed
conscious
freud. information someone is aware of at any given time
unconscious
freud. thoughts, feelings, desires and memories that someone has no awareness of but influences every aspect of day-to-day lives
3 components to a personality
freud. id, ego and super ego
id
freud. driven to pleasure and to avoid pain. impulses towards survival, sex and aggression. unconsious.
ego
freud. component that manages the conflict between impulses and constraints of the real world. reality principle. prevent gratifying impulses in socially inappropriate ways.
superego
freud. moral component of personality, learned from parents and society. conform to reality and morality.
Psychosexual stages of development
freud. believed personality solidifies before age 5. oral stage, anal phase, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage.
fixation
freud. believed if a child’s needs are too gratified or frustrated too much, child can be fixated at that age of development. inability to progress to another stage.
oral stage
freud psychosexual stages of development. birth-1 year.
anal stage
freud psychosexual stages of development. age 2 or toilet training age.
phallic stage
freud psychosexual stages of development. age 3-5. genitals.
latency
freud psychosexual stages of development. age 5 to puberty. sexuality is latent or dormant.
genital
freud psychosexual stages of development. begins at puberty. sexual urges return.
oedipus complex
freud psychosexual stages of development. believed to develop during phallic stage. rival for father to mother’s love.
Adler
believed main motivation for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive, but striving for perfection. compensation and inferiority.
self psychology
self as central organizing and motivating force in personality. result of receiving empathetic responses from adults as a child
twinship/twinning
self psychology. a child needs an alter ego for sense of belonging
ego psychology
focuses on rational, conscious processes of the ego. here and now.
psychosocial stages of development
erikson. 8 stages of development that states that there are 2 outcomes- if all stages are not complete, can have a unhealthy sense of self. trust v mistrust; autonomy v shame and doubt; initiative v guilt; industry v inferiority; identity v role confusion; intimacy v isolation; generativity v stagnation; ego integrity v despair
trust v mistrust
erikson. birth-1 year. learn to trust others based on consistency of caregivers.
autonomy v shame and doubt
erikson. 1-3 yo. begin to start being independent (walking, making choices). become more confident if encouraged for their independence. may lack self esteem if not able to make decisions and feel inadequate to survive.
industry v inferiority
erikson. 6-puberty. develop pride in accomplishments. feel confident in ability to meet goals.
initiative v guilt
erikson 3-6. assert themselves, start to interact with others and develop sense of ability and make decisions.
identity v role confusion
erikson. adolescence. explore possibilities and begin to form their own identities based on outcomes o their exploration.
intimacy v oslation
erikson. young adulthood. share themselves more intimately with others and explore relationships with others.
generativity v stagnation
erikson. middle adulthood. establish careers, settle down, have families and develop sense of bigger picture. if these are not reached, can feel unproductive.
ego integrity v despair
erikson. older adulthood. contemplate accomplishments and able to develop integrity if they felt they led successful lives.
object relations theory
margaret mahler. focus on relationships with others. rooted in early attachments with others, especially mothers. objects refer to people, parts of people or physical items that represent a part of a person.
social development
change in social institutions towards an inclusive society. others treat people fairly.
piaget’s stages of development
cognitive development. believed that children learn through interaction with environment and others. sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operations; formal operations
sensorimotor
piaget. 0-2. explores world by senses.
preoperational
piaget. 2-7. imaginary friends.
concrete operations
piaget. 7-11. beginnings of abstract thoughts, understand cause and effect, logic is developed
formal operations
piaget. 11 through adulthood. higher level of abstract thinking, assumes roles and responsibilities.
attachment theory
bowlby. attachment for being fed, as well as process of operant conditioning. criticized because cultural influences that may impact attachment.
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
when one need is fulfilled, will move on to the next level. deficiency needs and growth needs.
d-needs
maslow’s hierarchy of needs. deficiency needs. physiological, safety, social, esteem.
b-needs
maslow’s hierarchy of needs. or being needs. self-actualization. being yourself. do not come from a place of lacking and rather from growth. must meet basic needs to move on.
maslow’s pyramid
top: self actualization (being you); esteem needs (self respect); social needs (friendship, intimacy); safety needs (safe from danger and threats); physiological needs (food, water)
fluoxetine
prozac. antidepressant
sertraline
zoloft. antidepressant
paroxetine
paxil. antidepressant
phenelzine
nardil. antidepressant
duloxetine
cymbalta. antidepressant
venlafaxine
effexor. antidepressant
citalopram
celexa. antidepressant
escitalopram.
lexapro. antidepressant
bupropion
wellbutrin. antidepressant
trazodone
desyrel. antidepressant
alprazolam
xanax. anti anxiety
clonazepam
klonopin. anti anxiety
diazepam
valium. anti anxiety
lorazepam
ativan. anti anxiety
buspirone.
buspar. anti anxiety
lithium
mood stabilizer
carbamazepine
tegretol. mood stabilizer
diavalproez
depakote. mood stabilizer
oxcarbazepine
trileptal. mood stabilizer
topiramate
topamax. mood stabilizer
amphetamine
adderall. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD
lisdexamphetamine
vyvanse. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD
methyphenidate
concerta. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD
methyphenidate
ritalin. psycho-stimulant to treat ADHD
risperadone
risperdal. antipsychotic
chlorpromazine
thorazine. antipsychotic
quetiapine
seroquel. antipsychotic
haloperidol
haldol. antipsychotic
paliperidone
invega. antipsychotic
olanzapine
zyprexa. antipsychotic
ziprasidone
geodon. antipsychotic
asenapine
saphris. antipsychotic
aripiprazole
abilify. antipsychotic
antibute
alcohol abuse treatment
methadone
helps reduce withdrawal sx of heroin and narcotic drugs
suboxone
opiate addiction
how might social workers develop understanding of a pattern of disease during assessment?
genogram
elisabeth kubler-ross
stages of grief. denial and isolation; anger; bargaining; depression; acceptance
family life cycle
emotional and intellectual stages from childhood to retirement as a family member. if skills are not learned in one stage, they can be learned in later stages
family life cycle stages
family of origin experiences; leaving home; premarriage stage; childless couple stage; family with young children; family with adolescents; launching children; later family life
authoritarian parenting
children expected to follow strict rules established by parents. failure results in punishment. parents fail to explain reasoning behind rules. parenting style leads to those who are obedient and proficient, but lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem
authoritative parenting
established goals and guidelines that children are expected to follow. democratic parenting style. responsive to children and willing to listen to questions. when children fail to meet expectations, parents are nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. parenting style can lead to result happy, capable and successful.
permissive parenting
few demands on children. rarely discipline and are generally nurturing and communicative with children; take on status of friend more than parent. result in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation, experiencing problems with authority and tending to perform poorly in school
uninvolved parenting
few demands, low responsiveness, parents detached from their children’s life. tend to have lower self control, have low self-esteem, and less competent than peers
when will an event lead to trauma
it happened unexpectedly; no preparation for it; feeling of having been powerless to prevent it; happened repeatedly; someone was intentionally cruel; happened in childhood
signs of IPV
suspicious injury; somatic complaints without diagnosis; behavioral presentation; controlling/coercive partner
person in environment theory
examines social role functioning, environment, mental health and physical health. understanding individual behaviors in light of environmental contexts. interpersonal factors, institutional factors, community factors and public policy
conflict theory
clients competing for scarce resources. power unequally distributed
social work problem solving process
EAt PIE Today
Engage, assess, plan, intervening, evaluating and terminating
acting out
defense mechanism. emotional conflict dealt through actions rather than feelings
compensation
defense mechanism. makes up for real or imagined deficiences
denial
defense mechanism. inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feelings, wishes and behaviors
devaluation
defense mechanism. Borderline Personality. person attributes exaggerated negative qualities to self or others.
dissociation
defense mechanism. becoming separated or removed from your experience or disengaged with situation.
displacement
defense mechanism. directing a feeling or behavior on people or objects that are less threatening.
idealization
defense mechanism. overestimating an aspect or attribute of another.
inhibition
defense mechanism. loss of motivation to engage in activity because it might stir up conflict
introjection
defense mechanism. hatred towards self
intellectualization
defense mechanism. person avoids emotions by focusing on facts and logic; emotions are ignored
projection
defense mechanism. attributed disowned feelings, wishes and urges to an external person or feeling
rationalization
defense mechanism. justifying an unacceptable feeling or behavior with logic
regression
defense mechanism. reverting to earlier behaviors
splitting
defense mechanism. person perceives self and others as all good or all bad. serves to protect good object. borderline personality.
sublimation
defense mechanism. converting unacceptable impulses into acceptable outlets
substitution
defense mechanism. unacceptable or unattainable goal replaced by something more acceptable
undoing
defense mechanism. trying to make up for what you feel you are inappropriate thoughts, feelings or behaviors.
AOD use risk factors
family, social, psychiatric, behavioral
what was added to behavioral addictions in DSM-5?
gambling disorder
3 purposes of social work interview
informational, diagnostic, therapeutic
universalization
generalization or normalization of a behavior
clarification
reformulate problem in client’s words to make sure you are understanding the problem
confrontation
calling attention to something
interpretation
pulling together patterns of behavior to get a new understanding
reframing and relabeling
stating problem in a different way so a client can see possible solutions
beck depression inventory
21 item test presented in multiple-choice format that assess presence and degree of depression in adolescents and adults
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
MMPI. objective verbal inventory designed as a personality test for psychopathology/mental disorders. helps to assess and diagnose mental health conditions.
myers-briggs type indicator
self report inventory that classifies individuals among 4 dimensions.
1st- e-extraverted; i-introverted
2nd- s-senstation; i-intuition
3rd- processed by thinking or feeling
4th- judging vs perceiving
rorschach inkblot test
used to assess perceptual reactions and other psychological functioning. most widely used projective tests.
stanford-binet intelligence scale
testing of cognitive abilities. provides verbal, performance, and full scale scores for children and adults
thematic apperception test
widely used projective test. series of pictures and ambiguous scenes. clients asked to make up stories or fantasies concerning what is happening and description of thoughts and feelings. provides information on a client’s needs, motives, emotions, and conflicts, both conscious and unconscious.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
measure of child’s intellectual and cognitive abilities
object relations theory
focus on client’s relationship with others based on their early child-parent interactions and internalized self images
folie a deux
shared delusion
endogenous depression
depression caused by a biochemical imbalance rather than a psychosocial stressor or external factor
exogenous depression
depression caused by external events or psychosocial stressors
hypomanic
elevated, expansive or irritable mood that is less severe than full-blown manic symptoms- not severe enough to interfere with functioning and no accompanied by psychotic symptoms
egostrength
the ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id, superego and reality
