Human development

Question 1

What stages of development did Freud’s model include?

Answer 1

Oral stage (0-18 month)
Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)
Phallic stage (3-6 years)
Latent stage (6 years till puberty)
Genital stage (puberty till death)

Question 2

During what stage of Freud’s development model does compassion develop over ego?

Answer 2

The Genital Stage; which occurs from puberty till deal.

Question 3

How did Erikson’s model of development differ from Freud’s?

Answer 3

It focused on social context, considering family and environment to be major factors in a child’s development.

Question 4

How many stages were in Erikson’s Model of development?

Answer 4

8 Stages:
Trust vs mistrust (0-18 months)
Autonomy vs shame/doubt (18 months-3)
Initiative vs guilt (3-6)
Industry vs Inferiority (6-11)
Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18)
Generativity vs stagnation (40-60)
Ego Identity vs Despair (60’s to death)

Question 5

What did Erikson mean by “Role Confusion”

Answer 5

The process of losing sense of how one fits in to the greater picture as a result of processing a lot of change.

Question 6

Which Development model introduced the concepts of Assimilation, Accommodation, and Schema?

Answer 6

Piaget

Question 7

The process in which one accepts and organizes information, and incorporates new material into the existing knowledge.

Answer 7

Assimilation

Question 8

The process in which old ideas are change and/or replaced due to new information from the environment

Answer 8

Accommodation

Question 9

A set of thoughts, ideas, or perceptions that fit together and are constantly challenges by gaining new information and creating change through knowledge.

Answer 9

Schema

Question 10

How many stages where in Piaget’s model of development?

Answer 10

Four Stages:
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)
Stage 2: Pre-operational Stage (2-7)
Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage (7-11)
Stage 4: Formal Operational Stage (12 onward)

Question 11

In Piaget’s Model of development, what stage would one begin to sort, quantify/qualify, and analyze?

Answer 11

Stage 2: Pre-operation Stage (2-7)

Question 12

In Piaget’s Model of development, what stage would does one begin to understand different viewpoints?

Answer 12

Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage (7-11

Question 13

In Piaget’s model of development, what stage includes the development of object permanent?

Answer 13

Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)

Question 14

Which Developmental Theorist created the concept of Classical Conditioning?

Answer 14

Ivan Pavlov

Question 15

Who created the concept of Operant Conditioning?

Answer 15

B.F. Skinner

Question 16

How does Operant Conditioning differ from Classical Conditioning?

Answer 16

it focused on Positive and Negative reinforcement, while also utilizing different variables such as rate, ratio, and intervals in which the reinforcement occurred.

Question 17

Which Development theory focused on stages of Adult life development as stages with overlapping transition periods? Which theorist is associated with this theory?

Answer 17

Seasons of Life theory by Levinson

Question 18

Which theory proposes that every culture has it’s own timeline for major life events, and failure to meet one’s internal timeline for these events leads to internal stress.

Answer 18

Social Clock Theory by Bernice Neugarten

Question 19

In Freud’s Psychosexual Model, what were the levels of the mind?

Answer 19

Consciousness, pre-consciousness, and Unconsciousness

Question 20

What does Freud mean by Consciousness?

Answer 20

The part of the mind that holds accessible and current thought

Question 21

What does Freud mean by Pre-consciousness?

Answer 21

The area of the mind that holds thoughts that can be accessed by memory

Question 22

What does Freud mean by Unconscious?

Answer 22

Where the mind motivates behaviours and contains thoughts, feelings, impulses, all of which is not easily accessible.

Question 23

What were the three Psychic Apparatus identified by Freud?

Answer 23

Id
Ego
Super Ego

Question 24

Who invented Conflict Theory

Answer 24

Karl Marks

Question 25

How did Write Mills further conflict theory?

Answer 25

a focus on class structures and political parties, detailing the influence of authority

Question 26

How did Ludwig Gumplowicz influence Conflict Theory?

Answer 26

A focus on Conflict between cultures, and how one group may feel threatened by the vastly different ideals of another.