Human development Flashcards
What stages of development did Freud’s model include?
Oral stage (0-18 month)
Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)
Phallic stage (3-6 years)
Latent stage (6 years till puberty)
Genital stage (puberty till death)
During what stage of Freud’s development model does compassion develop over ego?
The Genital Stage; which occurs from puberty till deal.
How did Erikson’s model of development differ from Freud’s?
It focused on social context, considering family and environment to be major factors in a child’s development.
How many stages were in Erikson’s Model of development?
8 Stages:
Trust vs mistrust (0-18 months)
Autonomy vs shame/doubt (18 months-3)
Initiative vs guilt (3-6)
Industry vs Inferiority (6-11)
Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18)
Generativity vs stagnation (40-60)
Ego Identity vs Despair (60’s to death)
What did Erikson mean by “Role Confusion”
The process of losing sense of how one fits in to the greater picture as a result of processing a lot of change.
Which Development model introduced the concepts of Assimilation, Accommodation, and Schema?
Piaget
The process in which one accepts and organizes information, and incorporates new material into the existing knowledge.
Assimilation
The process in which old ideas are change and/or replaced due to new information from the environment
Accommodation
A set of thoughts, ideas, or perceptions that fit together and are constantly challenges by gaining new information and creating change through knowledge.
Schema
How many stages where in Piaget’s model of development?
Four Stages:
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)
Stage 2: Pre-operational Stage (2-7)
Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage (7-11)
Stage 4: Formal Operational Stage (12 onward)
In Piaget’s Model of development, what stage would one begin to sort, quantify/qualify, and analyze?
Stage 2: Pre-operation Stage (2-7)
In Piaget’s Model of development, what stage would does one begin to understand different viewpoints?
Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage (7-11
In Piaget’s model of development, what stage includes the development of object permanent?
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)
Which Developmental Theorist created the concept of Classical Conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Who created the concept of Operant Conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
How does Operant Conditioning differ from Classical Conditioning?
it focused on Positive and Negative reinforcement, while also utilizing different variables such as rate, ratio, and intervals in which the reinforcement occurred.
Which Development theory focused on stages of Adult life development as stages with overlapping transition periods? Which theorist is associated with this theory?
Seasons of Life theory by Levinson
Which theory proposes that every culture has it’s own timeline for major life events, and failure to meet one’s internal timeline for these events leads to internal stress.
Social Clock Theory by Bernice Neugarten
In Freud’s Psychosexual Model, what were the levels of the mind?
Consciousness, pre-consciousness, and Unconsciousness
What does Freud mean by Consciousness?
The part of the mind that holds accessible and current thought
What does Freud mean by Pre-consciousness?
The area of the mind that holds thoughts that can be accessed by memory
What does Freud mean by Unconscious?
Where the mind motivates behaviours and contains thoughts, feelings, impulses, all of which is not easily accessible.
What were the three Psychic Apparatus identified by Freud?
Id
Ego
Super Ego
Who invented Conflict Theory
Karl Marks
How did Write Mills further conflict theory?
a focus on class structures and political parties, detailing the influence of authority
How did Ludwig Gumplowicz influence Conflict Theory?
A focus on Conflict between cultures, and how one group may feel threatened by the vastly different ideals of another.
