Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Psychology > Human Development > Flashcards

Human Development Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception until death

A

Human development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

One group of people is followed and assessed at different times as group ages

A

Longitudinal design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Several age groups studied at one time

A

Cross-sectional design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional

A

Cross-sequential design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Particular impact on development that occurs when a group of people share a common time period or common life experience

A

Cohort effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Heredity, the influence of inherited characteristics on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

A

Nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Influence of the environment on all of those same things and includes parenting styles, physical surroundings, economic factors, and anything that can have an influence on development that does not come from within the person

A

Nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Field of study in which researchers try to determine how much of behavior is the result of genetic inheritance and how much is due to a person’s experiences

A

Behavioral genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Science of heredity

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Special kind of molecule (the smallest particle of a substance that still has all the properties of that substance) that contains genetic material

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organic structures that contain genetic codes for building proteins that make up organic life (hair coloring, muscle, skin) and control the life of each cell

A

Amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Section of DNA having the same arrangement of chemical elements

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rod-shaped structures, tightly wound strand of DNA, found in nucleus of cell

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gene that actively controls the expression of a trait

A

Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired with an identical gene

A

Recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Almost all traits are influenced by more than one pair of genes

A

Polygenic inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Advantage of longitudinal design

A

Looking at real age-related changes as changes occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Disadvantage/s of longitudinal design

A

Lengthy amount of time, money, effort involved, loss of participants when they move away, lose interest, die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Advantage/s of cross-sectional design

A

Quick, relatively inexpensive, easier to accomplish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disadvantage/s of cross-sectional design

A

Study no longer compares an individual to that same individual as they age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extra chromosome in what would normally be the 21st pair

A

Down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Extra sex chromosome in 23rd pair XXY producing a male with reduced male characteristics

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

23rd pair is missing an x producing a female that tend to be short, infertile, underdeveloped

A

Turner’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Conception until actual birth is _ months

A

9

25
Q

When an egg (ovum) and a sperm unite

A

Fertilization

26
Q

The resulting single cell with a total of 46 chromosomes

A

Zygote

27
Q

Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo

A

Monozygotic twins

28
Q

Fraternal twins, occurring when two individual eggs get fertilized by separate sperm, resulting in two zygotes in the uterus at the same time

A

Dizygotic twins

29
Q

Possible causes of dizygotic twins

A

Women’s body may release more than one egg at a time or release an egg in a later ovulation period

30
Q

Study of ethical and moral issues brought about by new advances in biology and medicine and how those advances should influence policies and practices

A

Bioethics

31
Q

Muscular organ that will contain and protect organism

A

Uterus

32
Q

Period in which zygote begins dividing and moving down to the uterus, attaches itself to wall/lining of uterus

A

Germinal period

33
Q

Specialized organ that provides nourishment and filters away the waste products

A

Placenta

34
Q

Connecting organism to placenta

A

Umbilical cord

35
Q

Period in which cells begin to differentiate, or develop, into specialized cells in preparation for becoming all the various kinds of cells

A

Germinal period

36
Q

Once firmly attached to uterus, the developing organism is called

A

Embryo

37
Q

Period which lasts from 2 weeks after conception to 8 weeks, during which the major organs and structures develop

A

Embryonic period

38
Q

Times during which some environmental influences can have an impact—often devastating—on the development of the infant

A

Critical periods

39
Q

Any substance such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that can cause a birth defect

A

Teratogen

40
Q

Series of physical and mental defects including stunted growth, facial deformities, and brain damage

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

41
Q

Period of tremendous growth lasting from about 8 weeks after conception until birth

A

Fetal period

42
Q

At _ weeks, fetus is full term

A

38

43
Q

Most babies are born between _ and _ weeks

A

38; 40

44
Q

Babies born before 38 weeks

A

preterm

45
Q

Age of viability is between _ and _ weeks

A

22; 26

46
Q

Most likely time for miscarriage or spontaneous abortion

A

First 3 months

47
Q

Assumes that the longer an infant spends looking at a stimulus, the more the infant prefers that stimulus over others

A

Preferential looking

48
Q

Tendency for infants and adults to stop paying attention to a stimulus that does not change

A

Habituation

49
Q

5 reflexes

A

Grasping, startle (moro), rooting, stepping, sucking

50
Q

Order of motor development

A

Raising head and chest (2-4 months), rolling over (2-5 months), sitting up with support (4-6 months), sitting up without support (6-7 months), crawling (7-8 months), walking (8-18 months)

51
Q

Unused synaptic connections and nerve cells are cleared away to make way for functioning connections and cells

A

Synaptic pruning

52
Q

Sense that is most developed at birth

A

Touch

53
Q

Sense that is second most developed at birth

A

Smell

54
Q

Sense that is third most developed at birth

A

Taste

55
Q

Sense that is fourth most developed at birth (functional, but may take a while to reach full potential)

A

Hearing

56
Q

Least functional sense

A

Vision

57
Q

The _, which see in black and white and have little visual acuity, are fairly well developed

A

Rods

58
Q

The _, which see color and provide sharpness, will take about another 6 months to fully develop

A

Cones

59
Q

Infants prefer to look at _ rather than _

A

Complex patterns; simple ones

General Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions