Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Survey of Research in Human Development for Counselors. > Human development > Flashcards

Human development Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Erik Erikson

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vgotsky

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

“Pre-operational stage” of cognitive development

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

“Concrete operational stage” of cognitive development

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symbolic Thought

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Zone of proximal development

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scaffolding

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Morality of constraint

A

During this stage, preschool children tend to think of actions as either always being right or always being wrong. Behavior is deemed right or wrong according to whether or not it results in punishment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kohlberg

A

developed stages of moral development that he believed were hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Selman

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pre-conventional thought

A

Preschool children are at this thought level. When they make their moral decisions, those decisions will be based on avoiding punishment and satisfying their own desires.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conventional thought

A

focuses primarily on listening to others and doing what is helpful. The emphasis and desire is on being a good boy or girl. While this level is beyond that of the preschool child, Kohlberg suggests that because this is the next level, children should be exposed to moral thinking at this level in order to facilitate growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Post-conventional thought

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carol Gilligan

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Self-concept

A

or a child’s consistent perceptions about himself or herself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parallel play

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Associative play

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Social play

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parten and the six categories of social play

A

unoccupied behavior, onlooker behavior, solitary play, parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Socio-dramatic play

A

considered to be the most advanced form of social and symbolic play. Children engage in imitation, drama, and fantasy play together that often involves role-playing in which children imitate real-life people and experiences they have had themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Protective factors

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most widely accepted definition of “Resilience”

A

the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Protective factors that promote resiliency

A

(a) proactive orientation; (b) self-regulation; (c) proactive parenting; (d) connections and attachments;(e) school achievement and involvement, IQ, and special talents; and (f) community.

27
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

children with parents who practice authoritative parenting demonstrate more resilience. Authoritative parents are responsive and have high, realistic expectations. They provide warm and loving support, a cognitively stimulating environment, and rational, consistent rules and behavioral expectations.

28
Q

Fostering resiliency

A
  1. Parent training 2. Individual/group counseling 3. School intervention 4. Community interventions
29
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
30
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A
31
Q

Conduct Disorder

A
32
Q

ADHD

A
33
Q

Positive Behavior Support (PBS)

A
34
Q

Early Screening Project

A
35
Q

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

A
36
Q

cognitive-social learning counseling model

A
37
Q

Behavior management

A
38
Q

Behavior modification

A
39
Q

Applied behavior analysis

A
40
Q

neurophysiological

A
41
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

brain center responsible for attention, working memory, behavioral monitoring and self-regulation, reasoning, information processing, goal-setting, and inhibition

42
Q

Concrete operational thought

A

As children enter into this stage of thinking, the ability to operate or carry out an action can be done through thought as well as through behaviors.

43
Q

Conservational skills

A

involves the child realizing that just because the shape or form of an object changes, that object doesn’t simply appear or disappear.

44
Q

Computational skills

A

develop in the form of children understanding that numbers remain constant.

45
Q

classification skills

A

develop as the child learns to classify in not only groups but subgroups as well.

46
Q

Metacognition

A

equips children with the skills needed to practice self-monitoring or self-instruction techniques.

47
Q

Meta-memory

A
48
Q

Social self-concept

A

includes beliefs about one’s own self-desirability, self-efficacy, and social competence.

49
Q

Selman’s Stages of Friendship and Levels of Perspective-Taking Skills

A

Stages 0-4.

50
Q

Social anxiety in children

A
51
Q

Gender typicality

A

a self-perceived sense of similarity to members of one’s own gender group; and is the most predictive correlate of adjustment and self-esteem in middle childhood

52
Q

Gender contentment

A

is one’s satisfaction with his or her own gender.

53
Q

The multifactorial gender theory

A

suggests that gender identity not only includes one’s identification with a chosen gender but also involves ones’ personal and public esteem of their gender, as well as the effect of gender stereotypes

54
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

A

three levels: preconventional reasoning, conventional reasoning, and postconventional reasoning. During “middle childhood”, moral development is somewhere between the preconventional and conventional reasoning stages.

55
Q

preconventional reasoning,

A

children do not internalize moral values and their moral reasoning is controlled by rewards and punishment

56
Q

conventional reasoning

A

is the middle stage of moral development. During this stage, children begin to abide by certain standards, but these standards are set by others around them

57
Q

postconventional reasoning

A
58
Q

Piaget’s stages of moral development

A

3 stages: premoral, heteronomous morality, and autonomous morality

59
Q

heteronomous morality

A

children perceive justice and rules as unchangeable and beyond the control of people. See rules that are broken to result in immediate punishment tied to that rule.

60
Q

autonomous morality

A

This stage is usually entered into around age 10, and children gain the ability to understand that rules and laws are created by people and consequences and are something to be considered along with the intentions of the person

61
Q

Premoral

A
62
Q

4 types of Parenting Styles

A

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, and neglectful

63
Q

choice theory

A

can be used as a preventative and remedial intervention for dealing with students who have repetitive behavioral issues in the school setting. When using Choice Theory during middle childhood, students began to see how their own choices and actions affect their behavioral outcomes in all aspects of life.

64
Q

Reality therapy

A

Reality therapy techniques are incorporated to focus on changing the current behavior exhibited by the student so that his or her needs are met more effectively

Survey of Research in Human Development for Counselors. (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions